Mole Removal: Surgery, Aftercare & Scars

Moles are common skin growths that vary in size, shape, and color. Most moles pose no harm, yet many people choose to remove them for aesthetic or medical reasons. This guide will cover everything from types of moles and how does mole removal work to post-removal aftercare and offer clear insights on how to manage scars and when to seek professional help.

Moles and Their Characteristics

Moles, also known as nevi, are clusters of pigmented cells that usually appear as small, dark brown spots on the skin. Moles can be smooth or rough, flat or raised, and sometimes even have hair growing from them. While most are harmless, some may signal underlying health concerns, including skin cancer. That’s why regular monitoring of moles is essential, especially if they change in size, color, or shape. Early detection of any suspicious changes can make a significant difference and help to catch potential health issues before they progress.

Different Types of Moles

Moles can appear in various forms:

• Common Moles: Small, round, and often brown, these are the most typical type of mole. They are generally harmless and don’t require removal unless for cosmetic reasons.
• Atypical Moles (Dysplastic Nevi): These moles are often larger than common ones, with irregular shapes and uneven colors. They can be a sign of increased risk for skin cancer, especially if there is a family history of the condition.
• Congenital Moles: Congenital moles are present from birth and can range widely in size. Some may become quite large, and their size can increase the risk of developing melanoma.
• Spitz Nevi: Usually pink, raised, and smooth, these moles can resemble melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer. Although they are mostly benign, their similarity to malignant moles often warrants their removal.
• Skin Tags: Though not technically moles, skin tags are small, soft growths that typically appear in skin folds. They are often removed for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated.

Reasons for Mole Removal

People seek mole removal for various reasons. Cosmetic concerns are among the most common, particularly for facial moles or those in visible areas. Many individuals find that removing unsightly moles boosts their confidence, especially if they have larger or irregularly shaped moles. However, mole removal isn’t always just about aesthetics.

Moles that show signs of potential health risks, such as changes in color, size, or texture, may need to be removed to prevent complications. Some moles might start bleeding or become itchy, which can be indicators of a form of skin cancer. In such cases, timely mole removal is crucial. Even if a mole appears benign, doctors may still recommend its removal if it’s located in a spot prone to irritation, like under clothing straps or along the waistline, to prevent further issues.

How to Remove Moles?

Excision with Stitches

This is a common mole removal procedure where the mole and a small area of the surrounding skin are cut out. At Lumine Dermatology, we offer punch excisions for smaller moles with punch biopsy sizes ranging from 2mm to 6mm. Stitches are used to close the wound, and this method is particularly effective for deeper moles. It ensures that all pigmented cells are removed, minimizing the risk of recurrence.

Shave Excision Without Stitches

In this technique, the mole is shaved off at the skin level. This procedure is often used for raised moles that are not too deep. Because it doesn't involve cutting deep into the skin, it has a faster recovery time but may have a higher risk of the mole growing back. This can be done in combination with laser mole removal to remove the residual pigmentation (if any) that is left behind after a shave excision. 

Laser Removal

Suitable for smaller, shallow moles, laser removal uses intense light to break down the mole’s pigment. We utilize the Picosure Pro or Alex Trivantage in our practice for this procedure. It’s a less invasive option with a quicker recovery time and minimal risk of scarring. However, it’s not ideal for deeper or larger moles and may not be covered by insurance if considered a cosmetic procedure.

Cryotherapy

This method uses liquid nitrogen to freeze the mole. Cold temperature destroys the mole's cells, leading it to fall off eventually. Cryotherapy is usually reserved for small, benign moles or skin tags. Although effective, it can cause mild scarring, and multiple treatments may be necessary.

How Does Mole Removal Work?

The process begins with a consultation, where a skin specialist examines the mole to determine the best method for removal. If there are concerns about skin cancer, a biopsy may be conducted first to analyze the mole tissue. During the procedure, the area around the mole is thoroughly cleaned, and a local anesthetic is administered to numb the skin, ensuring minimal discomfort.

The specialist then removes the mole using the selected technique, whether by excision, shaving, or laser treatment. For procedures that involve cutting, stitches might be applied to close the skin. The removed tissue is sometimes sent for further examination, especially if there are concerns about malignancy. Overall, mole removal treatments are relatively quick, ranging from 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the method and the size of the mole.

Aftercare Instructions

Proper aftercare is crucial to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. After the mole removal procedure, follow these guidelines:

• Keep the Area Clean: Gently clean the wound with mild soap and water. After cleaning, apply an antiseptic cream to prevent infection. Cover the area with a sterile bandage to protect it from dirt and bacteria.
• Avoid Sun Exposure: Sun exposure can darken the scar and delay the healing process. Use a high-SPF sunscreen on the area if you must go outdoors, or keep it covered with clothing.
• Monitor for Signs of Infection: Be vigilant for signs such as redness, swelling, or discharge, which could indicate an infection. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
• Avoid Picking at Scabs: Let scabs form and fall off naturally. Picking can lead to scarring and prolong the healing process.

Managing Scars After Mole Removal

One of the main concerns people have about mole removal is the risk of scarring. While scarring is a potential risk, there are several ways to manage and minimize it:

• Use Scar Creams: Silicone-based scar creams or gels can help fade scars over time. Start applying them once the wound has healed completely.
• Keep the Skin Moisturized: Moisturizing the area regularly prevents dryness and scabbing, which can reduce the severity of scarring.
• Massage the Scar: Gentle massage of the scar area can promote the healing process, making the scar less noticeable.
• Consider Laser Treatments for Scars: If the scar is prominent, laser treatments can effectively reduce its visibility. Consult your dermatologist to determine if this is a suitable option.

When to Seek Professional Help?

While most mole removals are straightforward, there are situations where you should consult a healthcare provider. If the wound shows persistent redness, swelling, or discharge, these could be signs of infection needing professional treatment. Similarly, if you experience prolonged bleeding or pain, seek medical attention.

It’s also essential to be cautious about any new or existing moles that change in appearance. Rapid growth, irregular borders, or variations in color can be early signs of a form of skin cancer. Early intervention is critical, so don’t delay a visit to a skin specialist if you notice any of these changes.

Conclusion

Mole removal is a simple and effective solution for those looking to address cosmetic concerns or health risks. Remember, monitoring your skin regularly and being proactive about unusual changes are key to maintaining healthy skin. Whether it’s for the cosmetic removal of an unsightly mole or to reduce the potential risk of skin cancer, consulting a skin specialist can help you make the best choice. With proper care, you can achieve optimal results, leaving your skin looking smooth and healthy.