Struggling with persistent itchy, dry skin that just won't go away? Eczema, a common skin condition, can make everyday life uncomfortable and challenging. But there is hope. Understanding how to prevent eczema and manage its symptoms can significantly improve your quality of life. At Lumine Dermatology, we specialise in providing effective, personalised care for eczema and other skin conditions, helping you regain control over your skin health.
Our experienced dermatologists understand the complexities of eczema, offering tailored solutions to address your symptoms and triggers. In this article, we'll explore everything you need to know about eczema, including symptoms, causes, treatment options, and preventative measures to help manage this condition effectively.
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition characterised by patches of dry, itchy, and irritated skin. It can appear anywhere on the body but is often found on the hands, feet, face, neck, and behind the knees. Eczema affecting special sites such as the eyelids, lips, hands and feet can be particularly stubborn and bothersome to many.
Eczema affects the skin barrier, making it less effective at retaining moisture and protecting against irritants, allergens, and bacteria. This can lead to chronic dryness, itching, and even infections if not properly managed.
While it is a common condition, eczema can vary significantly in severity. For some, it may manifest as a minor, occasional rash, while others may experience frequent, severe flare-ups that impact their quality of life. Although common in children, eczema can affect people of all ages and often persists into adulthood as a chronic condition.
There are several forms of eczema, each with its own unique characteristics and causes:
Yes, eczema is one of the most common skin conditions globally, affecting millions of people. Approximately 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults experience eczema. Its prevalence varies depending on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While it is more common in children, many people continue to experience symptoms into adulthood. Eczema can develop at any age, though it often appears in infants and young children, sometimes improving with age. However, it may persist or recur throughout life, especially if not properly managed.
Eczema symptoms can vary from person to person, but some common signs to look out for include:
Recognising these symptoms early can help in seeking prompt treatment, which is key to managing eczema effectively. If you notice any of these signs, consider scheduling a consultation with Lumine Dermatology.
While the exact cause remains unknown, a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the condition. Here are some of the most common factors:
A family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies significantly increases the likelihood of developing eczema. Genes, for example filaggrin, play a crucial role in how the skin barrier functions. People with eczema may have a weaker skin barrier, which makes it harder for the skin to retain moisture and keep out irritants, allergens, and microbes. This leads to dry, sensitive skin that is more prone to eczema flare-ups.
Eczema occurs due to overactivity in the immune system, which causes inflammation and irritates the skin. This heightened immune response can be triggered by allergens, irritants, or even stress, leading to flare-ups of symptoms. Genetics also play an important role in determining our immune responses to external triggers.
External factors can also contribute to eczema flare-ups. These triggers include:
For some individuals, certain foods can trigger or worsen eczema symptoms. Common culprits include peanuts, dairy, eggs, nuts, wheat, and soy. Identifying and avoiding these foods can be an effective strategy for managing symptoms.
Many skincare products contain harsh ingredients that can strip the skin of its natural oils and disrupt the skin barrier. People with eczema should use gentle, fragrance-free products designed for sensitive skin to minimise irritation. Products that replenish, and not just maintain moisture are an added bonus.
Emotional stress is a well-known trigger that can exacerbate eczema symptoms. When stressed, the body releases hormones that can lead to inflammation, making the skin more reactive and prone to flare-ups. Managing stress through relaxation techniques, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises, can help keep symptoms in check.
No, eczema is not contagious. You cannot "catch" eczema from someone else, nor can you pass it to others through physical contact. It is a condition influenced by an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, not by infectious agents like bacteria or viruses. However, due to scratching and irritation, people with eczema are more prone to skin infections. If an infection occurs, it is essential to seek medical attention to prevent it from spreading.
Treating eczema involves a combination of skincare practices, lifestyle adjustments, and sometimes medical treatments. Here are the main options:
Used to reduce inflammation and itching, topical steroids are a common prescription medication for managing eczema symptoms. However, they should be used under a dermatologist’s guidance, as overuse can lead to thinning of the skin and other side effects.
These are newer generation topical treatments e.g pimecrolimus, tacrolimus and crisaborole, are designed to complement and minimize the use of topical steroids. These are prescription grade topicals that can be dispensed by your doctor to help alleviate your eczema symptoms.
Regularly applying moisturisers helps maintain the skin barrier, reducing dryness and irritation. Moisturizers are available in many formulations and it is important to find a moisturizer that suits your skin type and lifestyle. Moisturising within 30 minutes after a shower is optimal for locking in moisture. Regular and consistent application of moisturizers is also key to reducing eczema flare-ups.
For severe eczema, oral prescription medications such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, methotrexate) may be prescribed. These can help control immune system responses and inflammation but should be used with caution due to potential side effects.
Light therapy, or phototherapy, involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of natural sunlight or artificial UV rays. This treatment can help reduce inflammation and improve skin health, but it requires multiple sessions to see results.
Biologic treatment e.g dupilumab (Dupixent) is a useful alternative in our armamentarium in the management of eczema. This treatment targets the root cause of eczema by inhibiting the activity of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) proteins. Approved for use in Singapore from ages 6 months old and above, dupilumab has been transformative, significantly improving skin health and the quality of life in many individuals with minimal side effects.
Oral Jak inhibitors (e.g. abrocitinib (Cibinqo), upadacitinib (Rinvoq), baricitinib (Olumiant)) are a promising option for individuals who do not respond to conventional treatment. These inhibitors function by selectively blocking the activity of specific JAK enzymes (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2), which are integral to cytokine signaling pathways that mediate immune and inflammatory responses associated with eczema.
In addition to the rapid onset of action of these medications, they are able to effectively treat refractory eczema that do not respond to conventional therapy. However, these treatments are still fairly new and careful patient selection and monitoring for adverse events, such as infections and hematologic changes, are critical for safe and effective use.
Some individuals find relief through alternative treatments such as acupuncture, herbal remedies, or dietary changes. While these approaches may help, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider before trying them to ensure they are safe and effective for your specific condition.
There isn’t a permanent cure for eczema. While treatments can effectively reduce symptoms, they do not eliminate eczema entirely. Eczema is a chronic condition, which means it can go into remission but may return unexpectedly. Managing eczema involves ongoing treatment and lifestyle changes to keep symptoms under control. The good news is that there have been a lot of advancements made in the field of eczema and many modern treatments are very effective in reducing the symptoms of itchy, dry skin, but it is crucial to have a personalised approach guided by a healthcare provider.
Preventing eczema flare-ups involves adopting consistent skincare habits and making thoughtful lifestyle adjustments. By addressing common triggers and maintaining proper skin care, you can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of flare-ups.
Keeping your skin well-hydrated is crucial for maintaining a strong skin barrier. Apply a suitably textured, fragrance-free moisturiser immediately after bathing to lock in moisture, and reapply throughout the day, especially during dry or cold weather. This helps to prevent cracking, flaking, and dryness that can lead to irritation. This has also been proven in multiple studies to reduce the frequency and severity of subsequent flare-ups.
Eczema triggers vary from person to person, but common ones include harsh soaps, synthetic fabrics, certain foods, and even environmental factors like pollen or dust. Identify your specific triggers by observing patterns in your flare-ups, and avoid them whenever possible. Switching to hypoallergenic products and wearing breathable, natural fabrics can minimise irritation.
A gentle, consistent skincare routine can make a big difference in managing eczema. Choose products designed for sensitive skin that are free from harsh chemicals and fragrances. TUsing gentle cleansers, moisturisers, and sunscreens that protect the skin barrier will help prevent irritation and inflammation. Avoid frequent use of exfoliants, as they can disrupt the skin and lead to flare-ups. Stick with tried and tested brands that work well for your skin and minimize frequent changes to your skincare routine.
Stress is a known trigger for eczema because it can prompt the body to release hormones that cause inflammation. Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or breathing exercises to help manage stress. Regular physical activity, even something simple like a daily walk, can also promote relaxation and improve your overall well-being.
Weather can have a significant impact on eczema symptoms. Cold, dry air often leads to skin dryness, while hot, humid weather can cause excessive sweating, which may irritate the skin. When travelling to cooler countries, wear protective clothing like gloves and scarves and use a thicker moisturiser. Make sure to bring a suitable cleanser with you e.g bath oils on your travels. In hot and humid weather conditions like Singapore, use lightweight, fragrance-free moisturizers and stay in cool, shaded areas to minimise sweating and irritation.
While diet doesn’t cause eczema, it can influence symptoms for some individuals. Eating a balanced diet that includes anti-inflammatory foods, such as those rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds), may help manage eczema. Probiotics, which support gut health, can also play a role in maintaining skin health. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day helps keep the body and skin hydrated, reducing dryness.
Sweating can be a significant irritant for eczema-prone skin. Overheating, whether from physical activity or hot weather, can cause sweat to accumulate, leading to itching and inflammation. Wear light, breathable clothing, and take breaks during exercise to prevent overheating. Showering soon after sweating and applying a light moisturiser can help reduce contact time of perspiration with the skin and minimize irritation.
People with eczema are more susceptible to skin infections, as dry, cracked skin can allow bacteria, viruses, or fungi to enter. Good hygiene practices, including regular handwashing and gentle cleaning of any cuts or scrapes, can help prevent infections. If you notice signs of an infection, such as redness, warmth, or pus, seek medical attention promptly to avoid complications.
Managing eczema can be challenging, but with the right care and guidance, you can achieve smoother, healthier skin. Lumine Dermatology offers comprehensive treatment plans tailored to each individual’s needs, using advanced therapies to manage symptoms and improve skin health. Our experienced team is dedicated to helping you feel comfortable and confident in your skin.
Schedule a consultation with Lumine Dermatology today to learn more about how we can help you effectively manage eczema. Don't let eczema control your life—take the first step toward relief with expert care!
