Have you noticed red, scaly patches on your skin that don’t seem to go away? Or perhaps you have dandruff affecting your clothing choices? Or maybe even changes in your nails that make you feel uncomfortable and self-conscious? Psoriasis, a chronic skin condition, might be the culprit. The good news is that effective treatments are available to help manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

At Lumine Dermatology, we can provide personalised care for psoriasis and other skin conditions. Our team is here to guide you along the way—from diagnosis to treatment. Let’s dive into everything you need to know about psoriasis and how to get the help you need.

What Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a chronic condition that causes the rapid build-up of skin cells, leading to scaling, redness, and inflammation. Unlike healthy skin cells that renew over weeks, psoriasis triggers an accelerated cycle that results in thick, scaly patches of skin. These patches can appear anywhere on the body and vary in severity from mild to severe.

This condition is not contagious and doesn’t spread from person to person. However, it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, especially if left untreated.

What Does Psoriasis Look Like?

Psoriasis often presents as red or pink patches of skin covered by silvery-white scales. It may appear differently based on the type and location. For instance:

• Plaque psoriasis: Raised, scaly patches
• Inverse psoriasis: Smooth, red areas
• Pustular psoriasis: Pus-filled bumps with surrounding redness, often arising from typical psoriasis plaques. This is a sign of unstable psoriasis. 

The affected areas may feel itchy, dry, or cracked especially on the hands and feet. In severe cases, the entire body may be covered in inflamed red patches. 

How Common Is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin condition, affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population, which translates to over 125 million people worldwide. In Singapore, at least 40,000 individuals or 1-2% of the population is affected. It can develop at any age but frequently presents in 2 peaks. The first peak is between 20 to 30 years of age, with the second peak between 50 to 60 years of age. 

While psoriasis affects men and women equally, it is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition. Additionally, certain ethnic groups, such as Caucasians, tend to have slightly higher prevalence rates compared to others.

Symptoms of Psoriasis

Common Signs and Symptoms

Psoriasis symptoms vary widely but often include:

• Red patches of inflamed skin
• Thick, silvery scales covering the patches
• Itching, burning, or soreness
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Thickened, pitted, or ridged nails
• Stiff and swollen joints in cases of psoriatic arthritis

These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may flare up periodically.

Variations by Type

Different types of psoriasis manifest in unique ways. For instance, plaque psoriasis shows thick, scaly patches, whereas pustular psoriasis presents with white pustules surrounded by redness. Guttate psoriasis’s small, drop-shaped lesions are distinct from the smooth, inflamed areas of inverse psoriasis.

Complications and Associated Conditions

Psoriasis can lead to other health issues, including:

• Psoriatic arthritis: Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling
• Mental health challenges: Increased risk of anxiety and depression
• Chronic conditions: Higher likelihood of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases

Addressing these complications early with a dermatologist can help minimise their impact.

What Causes Psoriasis?

1. Genetic Factors

Psoriasis often runs in families. If you have a parent or sibling with the condition, your chances of developing it increase. Certain genes have been linked to the condition, though having these genes doesn’t guarantee you’ll develop psoriasis.

2. Immune System Role

Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition. It occurs when the immune system affects healthy skin cells, triggering inflammation and speeding up the skin’s production cycle. This results in the build-up of skin cells, causing the characteristic scaly patches.

3. Environmental Triggers

Several external factors can trigger or exacerbate psoriasis symptoms, including:

• Stress: High stress levels can worsen flare-ups.
• Infections: Conditions like streptococcal throat infection may trigger guttate psoriasis.
• Medications: Certain medications like beta-blockers, anti-malarial drugs and mood stabilizers may aggravate psoriasis
• Skin injuries: Cuts, scrapes, or sunburns can cause new psoriasis patches to form. This phenomenon is known as Koebner’s phenomenon. 

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing psoriasis, such as:

• Family history: Approximately 20% of individuals have a family affect who is similarly affected.
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption aggravate psoriasis
• Obesity: Excess weight is associated with psoriasis and reduces the effectiveness of some biologic treatments
• Chronic stress: Stress e.g lack of sleep or certain infections aggravate psoriasis

Treatment Options for Psoriasis

Topical Treatments

Topical treatments are often the first line of defence for mild to moderate psoriasis. These include:

• Corticosteroid creams: To reduce inflammation and itching
• Vitamin D analogues: To regulate the skin cycle to minimize the build of up of dead skin cells
• Salicylic acid: To remove scales and smooth the skin
• Coal tar: To reduce inflammation which in turn alleviates itching and scaling

Phototherapy

Phototherapy, or light therapy, involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light. It slows down the overproduction of skin cells and reduces inflammation. This treatment is typically used for moderate to severe psoriasis.

Systemic Medications

For cases that don’t respond to topical treatments, systemic medications are often prescribed. These include oral or injectable drugs like:

• Methotrexate: Suppresses the immune system to reduce inflammation
• Cyclosporine: Helps control the immune response
• Oral retinoids e.g Acitretin: Regulate skin cell production

Biologic Therapies

Biologic therapies are targeted treatments that block specific immune system pathways involved in psoriasis. These include drugs include but are not limited to risankizumab (Skyrizi ®), ixekizumab (Taltz ®), secukinumab (Cosentyx ®), which are safer adn effective options for the manage of moderate to severe psoriasis with or without concomitant arthritis and nail changes.  

Lifestyle and Home Remedies

Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage psoriasis symptoms:

• Moisturise regularly: Prevents dryness and scaling
• Avoid triggers: Identify and minimise stress, alcohol, or irritants
• Maintain a healthy weight: Reduces inflammation and pressure on joints
• Follow a balanced diet: Anti-inflammatory foods can help manage symptoms

How to Cure Psoriasis Permanently?

While there is no permanent cure for psoriasis, effective management is possible with a combination of treatments and lifestyle adjustments. Working closely and consistently with a dermatologist to develop a tailored treatment plan can help you achieve long-term remission and lead a more comfortable life. Your visit to the swimming pool or clothing choices need not be limited by psoriasis if the right treatment is given.

At Lumine Dermatology, we provide expert guidance and state-of-the-art treatments designed to help you manage psoriasis effectively.

Can You Live a Normal Life with Psoriasis?

Yes, you can live a normal and fulfilling life with psoriasis. The key lies in early diagnosis, consistent treatment, and adopting healthy habits. While flare-ups can be challenging, maintaining open communication with your dermatologist and sticking to your treatment plan can significantly improve your quality of life.

Take the First Step Toward Healthier Skin

Psoriasis doesn’t have to control your life. At Lumine Dermatology, we combine advanced medical treatments with compassionate care to help you achieve clearer, healthier skin. Whether you’re seeking relief from mild symptoms or need help managing a severe condition, we’re here to help. Schedule a consultation today, and let us create a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs!

FAQ 

How Is Psoriasis Diagnosed?

Psoriasis is typically diagnosed through a physical examination of the skin. In some cases, a dermatologist may perform a skin biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other skin conditions. 

Can Stress Make Psoriasis Worse?

Yes, stress is a significant trigger for many people with psoriasis. High-stress levels can lead to flare-ups or worsen existing symptoms. Stress management techniques like mindfulness, exercise, and therapy can help reduce the impact of stress on psoriasis.

Can Psoriasis Affect Mental Health?

Yes, psoriasis can have a profound impact on mental health. The visible nature of the condition can lead to self-consciousness, anxiety, and depression. Managing psoriasis with medical treatments and seeking emotional support from professionals or support groups can help improve mental well-being.

Can Children Develop Psoriasis?

Yes, psoriasis can affect children, though it is less common. Guttate psoriasis is the type most frequently seen in younger individuals, often triggered by infections like streptococcal throat infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to managing the condition in children effectively.

How to Cure Psoriasis Permanently?

There is currently no permanent cure for psoriasis. However, various treatments can manage symptoms effectively. These include topical treatments, light therapy, systemic medications, and biologic therapies. Our dermatologist can help create a personalised treatment plan for long-term symptom control.

Have you ever looked in the mirror and thought, Why does my skin look so dull? It can be frustrating when dark spots, uneven tone, and a lacklustre complexion take away your natural glow. The good news? Achieving brighter, healthier skin is possible—and it doesn’t have to be complicated. 

At Lumine Dermatology, we specialise in personalised skin solutions to help you achieve that radiant glow. Let’s dive into everything you need to know about skin brightening!

Why Does Your Skin Look Dull?

Several factors contribute to a dull-looking complexion. Here are the most common culprits:

• Dead Skin Cells: Without regular exfoliation, dead cells accumulate on the surface, leading to rough, uneven texture and a lack of vibrancy.
• Sun Damage: UV exposure not only causes pigmentation and age spots but also damages your skin’s ability to reflect light, making it appear dull.
• Dehydration: Dry skin can exaggerate fine lines and make your complexion appear lifeless. Staying hydrated inside and out is crucial for maintaining skin health.
• Poor Lifestyle Choices: A lack of sleep, an unhealthy diet, and chronic stress can all take a toll on your skin’s vitality and brightness.
• Environmental Factors: Pollution, free radicals, and exposure to toxins accelerate skin ageing and dullness. These factors break down collagen and impair cell renewal.
• Ageing: As we age, our skin’s natural cell turnover slows down. This results in the build-up of dead skin and a tired, lacklustre appearance.

Common Skin Whitening Myths

When it comes to skin whitening and brightening, myths abound. Let’s separate fact from fiction to help you make informed decisions:

Myth 1: Skin Whitening Products Bleach Your Skin

Not true. Quality skin brightening products focus on reducing pigmentation and enhancing brightness without the use of harmful bleaching agents. These products are designed to promote a healthy, even complexion rather than altering your natural skin colour.

Myth 2: Skin Brightening Is Only for Fairer Skin Tones

False. Skin brightening enhances every skin tone by addressing issues like dark spots, uneven texture, and dullness. It’s about achieving a healthy, radiant glow, no matter your natural skin colour.

Myth 3: Natural Remedies Work Overnight

While natural ingredients can be beneficial, they take time to show noticeable results. Be wary of quick-fix claims that promise overnight transformations, as they are often misleading.

Myth 4: Skin Whitening Causes Skin Damage

When done correctly with safe and dermatologist-approved ingredients, skin brightening improves overall skin health and reduces the risk of long-term damage. It’s essential to follow proper guidance and avoid unverified treatments.

Myth 5: You Don’t Need Sunscreen Indoors

UV rays can penetrate windows, exposing your skin to harmful effects even when you’re indoors. Wearing sunscreen daily is a non-negotiable step in any brightening routine to prevent further damage and protect your progress.

Key Ingredients for Skin Brightening

The right ingredients can make all the difference when it comes to achieving brighter, healthier skin. Here’s what to look for in your products:

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that works wonders for the skin. It:

• Reduces dark spots and pigmentation by inhibiting melanin production.
• Boosts collagen production, which improves skin elasticity and smoothness.
• Protects the skin from free radical damage caused by pollution and UV exposure.

Pro tip: Apply Vitamin C serums in the morning to maximise protection against environmental stressors.

Niacinamide: The Multi-Tasking Powerhouse

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3, is one of the most versatile ingredients in skincare. It:

• Minimises the appearance of enlarged pores, giving the skin a smoother texture.
• Reduces redness and inflammation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
• Brightens uneven skin tone by targeting dark spots and discolouration.

Alpha-Arbutin: A Gentle Brightener

Derived from plants like bearberry, alpha-arbutin is a gentle yet effective ingredient that:

• Lightens dark spots and hyperpigmentation without irritating the skin.
• Improves overall skin tone and texture for a more even complexion.

Natural Extracts: Licorice Root, Mulberry, and More

These natural ingredients are packed with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. They:

• Soothe sensitive skin and reduce redness.
• Help fade pigmentation and improve skin clarity.
• Support long-term skin health by promoting a natural, radiant glow.

How to Choose the Right Product for Your Needs

Finding the right product can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be. Here’s how Lumine Dermatology can make it easier:

• Personalised Consultations: Our expert dermatologists assess your unique skin type and concerns to recommend the best products and treatments.
• Proven Products: Our skincare line is formulated with active ingredients backed by scientific research to ensure effectiveness and safety.
• Ongoing Support: We provide continuous guidance and adjust your routine as needed to help you achieve and maintain your skin goals.

Whether you’re dealing with dark spots, uneven tone, or general dullness, we have a solution tailored to your needs.

How to Brighten Skin Tone

Consistency and the right steps are key to brightening your skin tone. Here’s how to get started:

1. Exfoliate Regularly

Removing dead skin cells is essential for revealing fresh, glowing skin. Dead skin build-up not only dulls your complexion but also prevents your skincare products from penetrating effectively. Use gentle physical scrubs or chemical exfoliants like AHAs (alpha hydroxy acids) and BHAs (beta hydroxy acids) to boost cell turnover. Start with once or twice a week and increase as your skin tolerates it, ensuring not to over-exfoliate, which can lead to irritation.

2. Moisturise

Hydration is critical for maintaining skin’s elasticity, softness, and overall health. A good moisturiser acts as a barrier, locking in hydration and preventing water loss. Look for ingredients like hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and ceramides that draw moisture into the skin and strengthen the skin barrier. Choose a formula that suits your skin type—lightweight gels for oily skin, and richer creams for dry skin.

3. Use Sunscreen Daily

Protect your skin from harmful UV rays with a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher. UV rays are one of the main culprits behind pigmentation, premature ageing, and loss of brightness. Daily sunscreen use not only prevents future damage but also allows your skin to heal and rejuvenate. Reapply every two hours, especially if you’re outdoors, for maximum protection.

4. Topical Products: Creams, Serums, and Lotions

Incorporate products containing active ingredients like Vitamin C, niacinamide, and alpha-arbutin into your daily routine. These powerhouse ingredients work synergistically to reduce pigmentation, smooth texture, and enhance overall brightness. Use serums as a concentrated treatment, followed by moisturisers to lock in their benefits. Consistent use is key—visible results often take a few weeks to appear.

5. Dermatological Treatments: Peels, Lasers, and Microdermabrasion

For more advanced concerns, consider professional treatments. Chemical peels can exfoliate deeper layers of skin, revealing a brighter complexion. Laser treatments target stubborn pigmentation and uneven tone, while microdermabrasion buffs away dead skin cells to improve texture. At Lumine Dermatology, we offer cutting-edge options tailored to your skin’s unique needs, ensuring optimal results with minimal downtime. Consult with our experts to find the best treatment plan for your goals.

Signs You Need Professional Help

Sometimes, over-the-counter solutions aren’t enough. If you notice any of the following, it may be time to consult a dermatologist:

• Persistent dark spots or uneven tone that don’t improve with at-home care.
• Skin irritation from using multiple products without visible results.
• Concerns about age spots, sun damage, or stubborn pigmentation.

Ready for Radiant Skin? We Can Help!

Achieving bright, healthy skin doesn’t have to be complicated or overwhelming. At Lumine Dermatology, we combine advanced treatments with expert care to deliver real, lasting results. Whether you’re struggling with dark spots, dullness, or uneven tone, our team is here to help. Book a consultation today and take the first step toward a radiant complexion that you’ll love!

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Skin Brightening Safe?

Yes, when using dermatologist-approved products and treatments, skin brightening is completely safe. We prioritise your skin’s health and ensure all procedures meet the highest safety standards.

Who Is a Good Candidate for Skin Brightening Treatments?

Anyone experiencing dullness, uneven tone, or dark spots can benefit. Our treatments are tailored to meet the unique needs of all skin types and tones.

How Long Does It Take to See Results?

Results vary depending on the treatment and individual skin type. However, most people notice visible improvements within a few weeks of consistent care.

What Are the Risks of Skin Whitening Treatments?

When performed by professionals, risks are minimal. Following post-treatment guidelines ensures a smooth recovery and optimal results.

Can I Combine Treatments?

Yes, many treatments complement each other. At Lumine Dermatology, we create customised plans to maximise results while prioritising your skin’s safety.

Do I Need to Avoid the Sun After Treatments?

Absolutely. Protecting your skin from UV rays is crucial for maintaining results and preventing further damage. Always use a high-SPF sunscreen.

Are There Any Side Effects?

Some treatments may cause mild redness, peeling, or sensitivity, but these effects are temporary and subside quickly with proper care.

Pigmentation on the face can be a frustrating skin issue, especially when it appears as dark spots, brown patches, or an overall uneven skin tone. From post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) caused by acne to stubborn discolouration from excessive sun exposure, this condition affects many people worldwide. If you're asking, "How to remove pigmentation from the face permanently?" you're certainly not alone. Thankfully, a variety of treatment options exist, both professional and at-home, that can help lighten these spots and restore your skin’s natural radiance. In this article, you'll gain insights on how to get rid of hyperpigmentation and keep it from coming back.

Pigmentation and Its Causes

Before diving into treatments, it's important to understand what pigmentation is and what causes it. Pigmentation occurs when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of our skin, eyes, and hair. While melanin is essential for protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an overproduction can lead to various types of pigmentation.

Excessive sun exposure is a major cause of pigmentation. The sun’s UV rays trigger the production of melanin, which can result in dark spots, often referred to as sun spots or age spots. These are especially common in people with lighter skin tones. For individuals with darker skin tones, excess melanin can lead to uneven skin tone or areas of darker pigmentation, which can be challenging to treat. UV exposure also accelerates the ageing process and causes skin damage that may result in pigmentation issues.

Another common cause of pigmentation is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). This occurs after an injury, acne, or skin irritation. When the skin heals, it sometimes produces excess melanin in the form of dark spots or patches. This is often a concern for those who pick at pimples or experience chronic skin irritation.

Hormonal imbalances can also be a culprit, especially for women. Conditions like pregnancy, the use of birth control, or thyroid disorders can lead to melasma, a type of pigmentation that typically presents as dark patches on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. Hormonal fluctuations are particularly common during pregnancy and can cause hyperpigmentation, even in those who have never had pigmentation issues before.

Other underlying factors, such as medical conditions or insulin resistance, can also contribute to pigmentation. In these cases, treating the root cause of the condition may help improve pigmentation over time.

How to Get Rid of Hyperpigmentation from the Face Permanently?

Once you understand the causes of pigmentation, it’s time to explore treatment options. Depending on the severity of your pigmentation, you may choose at-home remedies, over-the-counter products, or more advanced professional treatments. The key to getting rid of pigmentation on the face permanently lies in consistency and choosing the right approach for your skin type and the type of pigmentation you're dealing with.

1. Topical Treatments with Active Ingredients

Topical treatments remain one of the most effective ways to target pigmentation at home. These treatments often contain active ingredients designed to lighten pigmentation and prevent melanin overproduction.

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant known for its brightening properties. It works by inhibiting the production of melanin, reducing dark spots and helping even out the skin tone. This ingredient is especially helpful for those dealing with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, as it can reduce the appearance of brown spots left behind by pimples or injuries.

Another popular option is retinoids. These compounds promote cell turnover, shedding dead skin cells and encouraging new, healthy skin cells to emerge. By speeding up the skin's renewal process, retinoids can help fade dark spots and improve overall skin texture. However, retinoids can be drying and irritating, so they should be introduced gradually, particularly if you have sensitive skin.

Niacinamide, another excellent ingredient for pigmentation, works by reducing melanin production and improving the skin's barrier function. It's a great choice for those with sensitive skin, as it is generally well-tolerated and has anti-inflammatory properties. Niacinamide also helps to calm irritation, which can be a contributing factor in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

For those with more stubborn pigmentation, hydroquinone is a strong bleaching agent that inhibits melanin production. It's often found in prescription-strength treatments and is effective for lightening dark spots and evening out the skin tone. However, due to its potency, hydroquinone should be used cautiously and under the guidance of a dermatologist.

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), like glycolic acid, are excellent for exfoliating the skin, removing dead skin cells, and promoting a smoother, brighter complexion. Exfoliating regularly helps to lighten pigmentation by removing the upper layers of skin that contain excess pigment. However, be sure to follow up with proper sun protection, as exfoliating can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.

2. Chemical Peels

Chemical peels are a professional treatment that can help target stubborn pigmentation. During a chemical peel, a chemical solution is applied to the skin, causing it to exfoliate and shed the top layer. This process promotes the growth of new, healthier skin cells, which can significantly reduce pigmentation and improve the skin’s texture.

Glycolic acid peels are commonly used to treat mild pigmentation. They work by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to be removed and revealing fresh skin underneath. For more severe pigmentation, stronger peels like trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peels are used. These peels penetrate deeper into the skin, providing more intensive results.

While chemical peels are effective, they do require a recovery period. The skin will likely be red, flaky, and sensitive for several days following treatment. It's essential to follow all post-treatment instructions, including strict sun protection, to avoid further pigmentation or irritation.

3. Laser Treatments

Laser treatments are an advanced method for getting rid of hyperpigmentation, especially for those who have deep or stubborn pigmentation. Lasers work by targeting the excess melanin in the skin, breaking it up and allowing the body to naturally remove it.

There are several types of lasers used for pigmentation treatments, including fractional lasers and Q-switched lasers. Fractional lasers stimulate collagen production while treating pigmentation. On the other hand, Q-switched lasers specifically target melanin in the skin, breaking it down and reducing the appearance of dark spots.

Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) is another popular treatment that uses light energy to target pigmentation. IPL works well for those with sun damage or uneven skin tone and can be used on a wide range of skin types.

While laser treatments can deliver fast and noticeable results, they require a recovery period. The treated skin may appear red or swollen, and there may be some peeling. Multiple sessions are often required to achieve the best results.

4. Sun Protection

One of the most crucial steps in treating pigmentation is protecting your skin from further sun exposure. UV rays trigger melanin production, which can make existing pigmentation worse. Without proper sun protection, your pigmentation treatment may not be as effective.

Sunscreen plays a crucial role in protecting your skin from further damage. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to ensure adequate protection. Apply it generously each morning, and reapply every few hours if you're outdoors. Besides sunscreen, consider wearing hats and protective clothing to shield your skin, and seek shade during peak sunlight hours to reduce your exposure to harmful UV rays. These extra precautions can help minimise the risk of sun damage and prevent your pigmentation from worsening.

5. Natural Remedies

If you're looking for more natural options to treat pigmentation, several remedies may help lighten dark spots and promote skin health. While they may not provide as rapid results as medical treatments, they can be a gentler option, especially for those with sensitive skin.

Aloe vera is known for its soothing and healing properties. It can help calm irritated skin and reduce pigmentation. Similarly, turmeric has natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may lighten pigmentation over time. Lemon juice, though acidic, can also be used as a natural skin brightener. However, it’s important to note that these remedies should always be followed by sunscreen to prevent further damage.

Treatment Plan for Long-Term Results

The key to permanently removing pigmentation on the face is consistency and a tailored treatment plan. Depending on your skin type and the type of pigmentation you're dealing with, your treatment plan may involve a combination of topical treatments, professional procedures, and lifestyle changes like sun protection.

Start by incorporating products with active ingredients like Vitamin C, retinoids, and niacinamide into your daily skincare routine. Consult with a dermatologist to explore more advanced treatments like chemical peels or laser therapy, especially if you have deep or persistent pigmentation.

Remember, healing and improvement may take time, so be patient and consistent with your treatment plan. The goal is to gradually reduce pigmentation, protect your skin from further damage, and promote healthy skin growth.

Conclusion

So, how to remove hyperpigmentation from the face permanently? It is entirely possible with the right approach. The key is to stay dedicated to your treatment plan and protect your skin from future damage. With time, care, and the right treatments, you can restore your skin’s natural beauty and reduce pigmentation for good.

Rosacea is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Though it can be frustrating, especially as it leads to persistent facial redness and visible blood vessels, effective treatments are available to manage its symptoms and improve skin health. In this guide, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and how to treat rosacea.

What Is Rosacea?

Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that mainly affects the face, causing persistent redness (erythema), visible blood vessels (telangiectasia), and, in some cases, thickened skin (rhinophyma). Although rosacea typically appears on the nose, cheeks, and forehead, it can affect any area of the face and sometimes the eyes. The condition can appear suddenly and is more common in people with fair skin, especially those aged 30 to 50.

While the exact cause of rosacea is still not entirely understood, it’s believed that several factors contribute to the development of the condition. These may include genetics, skin sensitivity, and environmental triggers. Additionally, people with rosacea tend to have a heightened response to certain factors, such as sun exposure, extreme temperatures, certain foods and even stress.

Rosacea is often confused with acne, but unlike acne, it does not involve clogged pores or blackheads. It can also lead to more serious complications, such as ocular rosacea, which affects the eyes and can cause symptoms like dry eyes, irritation, and even blurry vision.

While rosacea is a lifelong condition, with proper rosacea treatment and management, its symptoms can be reduced significantly.

Common Symptoms of Rosacea

The symptoms of rosacea can vary greatly from person to person, depending on the type and severity of the condition. The main symptom across all types of rosacea is facial redness or erythema, which typically appears in the central portion of the face. The redness is often permanent in association with periodic centrofacial flushing. Other symptoms may also be present. For example, individuals with rosacea often suffer from skin sensitivity and notice that they have more prominent pores.

Mild Rosacea

For individuals with mild rosacea, the symptoms are often limited to persistent redness (often referred to as facial erythema), slight swelling, and occasional flare-ups of pimples or pustules. Visible blood vessels may also begin to appear, especially on the nose and cheeks.

Severe Rosacea

As rosacea progresses, it may become more severe. In cases of severe rosacea, the skin may thicken, causing the appearance of excess tissue, especially around the nose. This is called rhinophyma and is often associated with a bulbous nose. Thickened skin can lead to an uneven texture and may make the skin feel dry or rough to the touch. Additionally, more prominent blood vessels may develop, making the redness of the face more noticeable.

Ocular Rosacea

Ocular rosacea affects the eyes and can cause dryness, irritation, and redness in the eyes and eyelids. It may also cause blurred vision, eye sensitivity, and a gritty feeling, which can be very uncomfortable. If left untreated, ocular rosacea can lead to serious complications, so it’s essential to seek rosacea treatment as soon as symptoms appear.

Rosacea Triggers

One of the key challenges in managing rosacea is identifying and avoiding the triggers that cause flare-ups. These triggers vary for each individual but commonly include:

• Sun exposure: Sunburns and prolonged sun exposure are common triggers for rosacea flare-ups. To protect sensitive skin, it’s important to apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher every day.
• Cold weather: Cold winds and temperatures can exacerbate rosacea by irritating the skin, especially during winter months.
• Hot drinks: Hot beverages, such as coffee or tea, can raise the skin’s temperature and trigger symptoms of rosacea. Spicy foods and alcoholic beverages may have the same effect.
• Stress: Emotional or physical stress is a common trigger for rosacea flare-ups, which can lead to an increase in redness and inflammation.

How to Treat Rosacea: Treatment Options

While rosacea cannot be cured, there are several treatment options available to help manage its symptoms and reduce the frequency of flare-ups. Depending on the severity of your rosacea, treatment options may include topical medications, oral treatments, laser therapies, and lifestyle changes.

Topical Treatments for Rosacea

For those with mild rosacea, topical medications are often the first line of treatment. These medications are applied directly to the affected areas of the skin and help reduce inflammation, redness, and bumps. Some of the most commonly used topical treatments include:

• Azelaic Acid: Azelaic acid is an effective topical medication that helps reduce the appearance of bumps, redness, and visible blood vessels associated with rosacea. It works by reducing inflammation and has a mild antibacterial activity.
• Topical Antibiotics: Medications like metronidazole or clindamycin are frequently prescribed to treat rosacea. These topical antibiotics help reduce redness and inflammation by targeting the bacteria that may contribute to rosacea symptoms.
• Topical Calcineurin inhibitors: Topical calcineurin inhibitors are non-steroidal alternatives to manage inflammation in rosacea. While topical steroids can be effective in treating other skin conditions, they are typically not recommended for rosacea treatment. Long-term use of steroids on rosacea-affected skin can worsen symptoms and cause further irritation.
• Brimonidine: Topical brimonidine can be prescribed to manage flushing in rosacea.
• Topical Ivermectin: Ivermectin is often prescribed as an anti-mite treatment to combat the red bumps and pustules associated with papulopustular rosacea. 

Topical medications can provide noticeable improvements within weeks of treatment, but it’s essential to follow the dermatologist’s instructions to avoid irritation or adverse effects. Topical medications also work best when used in combination with skincare that is non-irritating and soothing to ease rosacea symptoms. 

Oral Medications for Severe Rosacea

In more severe cases, oral treatments may be necessary. Oral antibiotics, like doxycycline or minocycline, help to reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of bumps and pustules. These medications work by controlling bacterial activity, reducing the severity of flare-ups.

Oral retinoids, such as isotretinoin, may also be prescribed for persistent or severe rosacea, particularly if the skin becomes thickened or if over-the-counter treatments do not provide adequate results. Retinoids can help shrink sebaceous glands, reduce excess tissue, and improve skin texture.

However, oral retinoids come with potential side effects and should only be used under strict medical supervision. 

Should there be deep flushing associated with rosacea, oral beta blockers can also be prescribed.

Laser Treatments and Light Devices

For individuals with visible blood vessels (telangiectasia), vascular lasers offer a promising treatment option. These laser treatments use focused light to target dilated blood vessels, causing them to shrink and reducing the visible redness in the skin.

Vascular lasers such as pulsed dye lasers (PDL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) are commonly used to treat rosacea. These treatments are effective in reducing persistent erythema and visible blood vessels.

The number of sessions required will vary depending on the severity of the rosacea and the individual’s skin response. Although side effects like temporary redness and swelling may occur after rosacea treatment, they generally subside within a few hours to a few days.

Polynucleotide treatments such as rejuran and plinest are non-steroidal treatments that help reduce inflammation in the skin, boost hydration and boost skin repair. They are often used synergistically with vascular lasers (e.g pulsed dye lasers) to manage rosacea symptoms. 

Managing Skin Sensitivity and Dryness

Patients with rosacea often have very sensitive skin, which makes selecting the right skincare products an essential but tricky task. Skin that is prone to rosacea can easily become irritated, and harsh skincare treatments or products can exacerbate symptoms like redness, inflammation, and visible blood vessels. Therefore, it’s vital to be cautious about the products you use and to prioritise gentle, non-irritating options that help calm the skin rather than aggravate it.

A good moisturiser is one of the most important products for managing sensitive rosacea skin. Choosing a moisturiser specifically formulated for sensitive skin helps to lock in moisture, reduce dryness, and protect the skin’s natural barrier. Keeping the skin hydrated is crucial because dry skin can make rosacea symptoms worse by increasing irritation and discomfort. Look for moisturisers that are fragrance-free and contain soothing ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid and niacinamide, which help to replenish the skin’s moisture without causing irritation. Additionally, moisturisers that offer anti-inflammatory benefits, such as centella asiatica and aloe vera, can also provide relief from the redness and swelling often associated with rosacea.

When it comes to cleansing, it’s important to choose a mild, non-foaming, and fragrance-free cleanser. Strong or foamy cleansers often contain harsh chemicals and fragrances that can irritate rosacea-prone skin, making it more sensitive, dry and inflamed. A gentle cleanser without exfoliating beads or strong detergent effects will clean the skin without stripping it of its natural oils. These oils are vital for maintaining a healthy skin barrier, which is crucial in protecting against environmental irritants. Cleansing should be done gently with lukewarm water and a soft washcloth.

Avoiding exfoliants is another key aspect of rosacea skincare. While exfoliating can be beneficial for some skin types, patients with rosacea should steer clear of harsh exfoliating products, such as physical scrubs with gritty particles, because they can aggravate rosacea symptoms. Scrubs can create microtears in the skin and increase redness and inflammation. Instead, patients should focus on moisturising and soothing products that help build the skin's resilience and prevent irritation. If exfoliation is desired, opt for gentle chemical exfoliants, such as those containing mild acids like polyhydroxyacids (PHAs), which can provide gentle resurfacing without the abrasiveness of traditional scrubs. If in doubt, always consult your  medical practitioner who can better advise and personalize your skincare based on your skin type. 

Overall, maintaining a simple skincare routine with the right products is essential in managing rosacea. Overloading the skin with multiple products or harsh treatments can lead to more irritation.

Lifestyle Changes for Rosacea Management

Aside from medical treatments, several lifestyle changes can help reduce rosacea flare-ups and improve overall skin health. These include:

• Using broad-spectrum sunscreen: Daily sunscreen application is essential to protect the skin from UV damage, which can trigger rosacea symptoms.
• Avoiding extreme temperatures: Whether it’s the heat of summer or the chill of winter, temperature extremes can worsen rosacea. Try to protect your skin from the elements by wearing hats, scarves, and protective clothing.
• Avoid food triggers: Be aware of the food triggers that exacerbate rosacea, and avoid them especially during flare-ups. 
• Stress management: Since stress is a common trigger, finding ways to relax and manage stress—through practices like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises—can be beneficial in reducing rosacea flare-ups.

What to Expect from Rosacea Treatment

Rosacea treatment is a gradual process. While some people may see improvement within a few weeks of starting treatment, it often takes several months to achieve noticeable and sustained results. Even with effective treatment, rosacea symptoms may still flare up from time to time, particularly if triggers are not avoided.

The goal of rosacea treatment is not only cosmetic improvement but also long-term control of symptoms, allowing for periods of remission. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider, particularly a dermatologist, is essential for managing the condition and adjusting treatments as necessary.

Conclusion

Although rosacea cannot be cured, effective treatment options are available to help manage its symptoms and improve skin appearance. There are many ways to reduce redness, visible blood vessels, and other symptoms of rosacea. Additionally, managing triggers and practising a skincare routine tailored to sensitive skin can help prevent flare-ups and promote skin health. By working closely with a dermatologist and following a consistent treatment plan, those with rosacea can experience significant relief.

Scars tell stories, but some of them can be more challenging to live with. Does your scar feel raised, itchy, or even painful? You’re not alone. Many people struggle with understanding their scars—especially when distinguishing between hypertrophic scars and keloids. 

The good news? There are solutions that can restore confidence and comfort. At Lumine Dermatology, we specialise in treating all types of scars, offering evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs.

What Is a Hypertrophic Scar?

Characteristics of Hypertrophic Scars

Hypertrophic scars are thickened, raised scars that develop at the site of a healed wound. They typically stay confined to the original wound area and can vary in colour from pink to red or even darker shades, depending on your skin tone. These scars form as the body’s natural response to injury, creating excess collagen during the healing process.

Their appearance may soften over time, but without intervention, they often remain noticeable. While hypertrophic scars are not harmful, they can cause discomfort or emotional distress for those who have them.

Common Causes of Hypertrophic Scars

Hypertrophic scarring can result from various situations, including:

• Skin injuries: Everyday cuts, scrapes, or deeper wounds can trigger hypertrophic scar formation when healing conditions are suboptimal.
• Surgical wounds: Tension along a wound site after surgery can lead to thicker scar formation.
• Burn injuries: Thermal damage can result in significant scarring as the skin heals unevenly.

These scars are more likely to develop when a wound undergoes prolonged inflammation, infection, or excessive tension.

Areas of the Body Prone to Hypertrophic Scarring

Certain areas of the body are at a higher risk for developing hypertrophic scars due to their anatomy and exposure to movement or pressure. These include:

• Shoulders: Often prone due to frequent movement and stretching.
• Chest: Skin tension and frequent exposure can contribute to scarring.
• Jawline and neck: Areas of increased skin tension are more prone to scarring, this is a common area for hypertrophic acne scars
• Joints: Areas like knees and elbows are more likely to scar due to the constant flexing and stress placed on the skin.

What Is a Keloid Scar?

Defining Keloid Scars

A keloid scar is a type of abnormal scar that grows excessively, spreading beyond the boundaries of the original injury. Unlike hypertrophic scars, keloids continue to grow and can become quite large and noticeable, sometimes resembling small tumours. These scars often appear shiny, with a rubbery or firm texture, and may cause itching or pain.

How Keloids Form

Keloids form when the body’s wound-healing process goes into overdrive. Immune cells and growth factors stimulate an excessive production of collagen, leading to scar tissue that overextends the original wound area. This abnormal healing response can persist for months or even years.

Differences Between Keloid Scars and Normal Scars

Keloid scars differ from normal scars in several key ways:

• Appearance: Keloids are usually larger, darker, and more raised than normal scars.
• Growth pattern: They grow uncontrollably and extend into the surrounding skin.
• Persistence: Unlike normal scars that fade over time, keloids tend to persist and may worsen without treatment.

Hypertrophic Scar vs. Keloid: Key Differences

Visual Differences

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are often confused due to their raised appearance, but there are notable visual differences:

• Hypertrophic scars remain within the boundaries of the wound and tend to lighten over time.
• Keloid scars spread beyond the wound edges, often becoming shiny, rubbery, and denser in texture.

Formation and Growth Patterns

The two types of scars differ in their formation and growth:

• Hypertrophic scars form as part of the body’s natural healing process but stabilise after a few months.Hypertrophic scars usually form right after the wound has healed.
• Keloids grow aggressively, even after the wound has healed, and can continue to expand indefinitely. Keloids often develop a few months after the wound has seemingly healed.

Risk Factors and Triggers

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing these scars:

• Hypertrophic scars: Result from excessive tension on the wound or prolonged inflammation.
• Keloids: Are more common in individuals with darker skin tones, genetic predisposition, and certain types of skin injuries.

Symptoms and Appearance

How to Recognise a Hypertrophic Scar

Hypertrophic scars are typically confined to the original wound site and may appear:

• Reddish or pink: Their colour can fade with time but remains noticeable.
• Thick and raised: The texture may feel firm to the touch.
• Itchy or tender: These symptoms are more common in the early stages of healing.

Identifying a Keloid Scar

Keloid scars often display distinct characteristics, such as:

• Raised, lumpy texture: Extends into surrounding healthy skin.
• Shiny surface: The scar may have a polished, rubbery appearance.
• Discomfort: Can cause itching, tenderness, or even pain in severe cases.

Causes and Risk Factors

Why Do Hypertrophic Scars Occur?

Hypertrophic scars occur due to an overproduction of collagen in the skin during the healing process. Infection, excessive skin tension, or poor wound care can exacerbate their formation. Surgical wounds or burns are particularly prone to hypertrophic scarring because of the depth and severity of tissue damage.

Factors Leading to Keloid Formation

Keloid scars are caused by an overactive healing response. Triggers include minor injuries, such as:

• Acne scars: These can develop into keloids in predisposed individuals.
• Piercings and tattoos: Skin punctures often lead to abnormal scarring.
• Surgical excisions: Deep wounds have a higher risk of forming keloids. Surgical technique may also play a role in the development of keloids.

Genetic and Environmental Influences

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in keloid formation. Individuals with a family history of keloids or those with darker skin tones are more susceptible. Environmental factors like prolonged wound healing or repetitive trauma to the area can also contribute.

Treatment Options

For Hypertrophic Scars

1. Topical Treatments

Topical treatments like silicone sheets and gels are commonly used to reduce the thickness and visibility of hypertrophic scars. These products help retain moisture in the scarred area, promoting healing.

2. Corticosteroid Injections

Intralesional corticosteroids are often recommended to flatten hypertrophic scars and alleviate symptoms like itching and redness. This method works by reducing inflammation and collagen production in the scar tissue.

3. Silicone Sheets and Gel Therapy

Silicone therapy remains a gold standard for managing hypertrophic scars. Regular application can significantly improve scar texture and colour over time.

4. Surgical Intervention

For severe cases, surgical removal of hypertrophic scars may be necessary. This is often followed by additional therapies to prevent recurrence, such as pressure garments or steroid injections.

For Keloid Scars

1. Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and shrink keloids. This method is particularly effective for smaller scars and can be combined with other treatments.

2. Laser Treatments

Laser therapy, especially pulsed-dye lasers, can reduce the size and discolouration of keloid scars. It works by targeting blood vessels within the scar tissue. Fractional carbon dioxide lasers can also be used to deliver steroids into the scar (minimizing the need for injections) and to optimize skin texture. Picosecond lasers e.g Picosure Pro can also help remodel scar tissue and treat hyperpigmentation. 

3. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is sometimes used after surgical removal of keloids to reduce the risk of recurrence. While effective, it is usually reserved for severe cases due to potential side effects.

4. Emerging Treatments

Innovative approaches, such as combining corticosteroids with other therapies, microdoses of botulinum toxin, are showing promise. Research into growth factor inhibitors and immune-modulating drugs may revolutionise keloid management in the future.

Is It Possible to Fully Prevent Both Types of Scars?

Preventing scars entirely is challenging, but taking proactive steps can reduce your risk. Proper wound care is essential:

1. Clean and cover wounds: Prevent infection and promote faster healing.
2. Use silicone sheets: Apply early to minimise scarring.
3. Avoid tension on the wound: Keep the area relaxed and immobilised. Post surgery, minimizing tension over the wound from exercise also helps improve post surgical wound outcomes.

Those prone to keloids should avoid unnecessary skin injuries, such as piercings or tattoos, in high-risk areas.

When to See a Specialist

Not all scars require medical intervention, but you should consider seeing a specialist if:

• The scar causes significant pain or discomfort.
• It grows rapidly or becomes discoloured.
• It limits mobility or affects your quality of life.

At Lumine Dermatology, we offer personalised treatment plans for both hypertrophic scars and keloids. Our team of experts uses advanced techniques to help you achieve the best possible outcome.ids. Our team of experts uses advanced techniques to help you achieve the best possible outcome.

Take the First Step Toward Healthier Skin

At Lumine Dermatology, we understand the physical and emotional impact of scars. Whether it’s a hypertrophic scar or a keloid scar, our team uses evidence-based therapies and advanced techniques to minimise scarring and improve skin texture. From corticosteroid treatments to innovative laser therapies, we tailor solutions to meet your needs.

The result? Smoother skin, renewed confidence, and expert care every step of the way. Schedule a consultation today, and let us help you rediscover your skin’s natural beauty.

If you’ve been exploring skin rejuvenation treatments, you might have heard about microneedling radiofrequency. This advanced cosmetic treatment is widely known for its ability to improve skin texture, address various skin conditions, and enhance overall skin health. Combining the traditional microneedling process with radiofrequency energy offers an innovative way to stimulate collagen production and create long-lasting results. It also has the vertical depth of effect on the skin as compared to more superficial lasers like the picosecond laser, fractional CO2 laser or MOXI laser. To understand its appeal, it’s essential to discuss what microneedling is, how radiofrequency takes it a step further, and why it’s considered one of the most effective non-surgical procedures available today.

What Is Microneedling?

Microneedling is a treatment that uses small needles to make precise, tiny punctures on the skin's surface. These micro-injuries activate the body’s natural healing process, encouraging new collagen and elastin production. This collagen-building process is one of the reasons microneedling is highly effective for issues like acne scarring, stretch marks, and overall skin laxity. Traditional microneedling works on the outermost layers of skin - it targets concerns such as fine lines, uneven skin tone, and the visible signs of ageing.

The treatment is versatile and suitable for nearly every skin type. By promoting healthier skin cells, it creates a smoother, more youthful complexion over time. Many people choose microneedling because it offers impressive results without the downtime associated with surgical procedures or invasive treatments.

How Does Radiofrequency Enhance Microneedling Work?

When radiofrequency energy is added to microneedling, the procedure becomes even more effective. While the microneedling device creates tiny channels in the skin, radiofrequency energy delivers heat energy deep into the skin’s layers. This dual-action approach targets both the surface and deeper layers of skin, improves skin laxity, and encourages even greater collagen production. This is especially so for Sylfirm X, which utilizes uninsulated microneedles to effect an improvement in all layers of the skin. 

Radiofrequency microneedling is particularly beneficial for more stubborn skin concerns, such as acne scarring, sagging skin, fine lines and prominent pores. The heat energy stimulates the tightening of skin fibres, providing a firmer and more lifted appearance. This combination treatment has made it a preferred option for individuals seeking long-lasting improvements in their skin’s texture and elasticity, and for those looking to achieve the appearance of youthful skin. It is also a less painful option compared to high intensity focussed ultrasound. 

What Is Microneedling Good For?

Microneedling radiofrequency is highly effective for treating a wide range of skin conditions. It’s particularly good for addressing common concerns like wrinkles, fine lines, sagging, prominent pores, eye bags and stretch marks. It can also be used to reduce the appearance of eye bags in a non-surgical way. By encouraging collagen production, the procedure enhances skin elasticity and reduces the appearance of imperfections.

Acne scarring is another area where microneedling radiofrequency excels. The treatment stimulates the healing of damaged skin cells, smoothing out the uneven texture caused by scars. 

Additionally, the Sylfirm X has a unique 300 microns depth which helps target the basement membrane, as well as a pulsed wave mode to target the blood vessels. The basement layer is a weaker layer in melasma, which is also a condition characterized by hyperactive blood vessels. As such, microneedling RF (Sylfirm X) has the unique indication of improving hyperpigmentation such as melasma by improving hypervascularity, strengthening the basement membrane and reversing some of the effects of photoaging. 

People with sagging skin or issues with skin laxity also benefit from this cosmetic treatment. By strengthening the underlying structure of the skin, radiofrequency microneedling creates a firmer, more youthful appearance. It’s a versatile solution for individuals looking to improve their skin without resorting to more invasive surgical procedures or painful aesthetic treatments.

Finally, microneedling radiofrequency is a non-invasive solution for patients who are looking at non surgical options to reduce the appearance of their eyebags. This treatment can be performed on its own or in conjunction with full face and neck rejuvenation. 

Benefits of Microneedling Radiofrequency

The benefits of microneedling radiofrequency go beyond just improving skin texture. The treatment works on various levels -it enhances both the superficial and deeper layers of skin. Its ability to stimulate natural collagen production is one of its standout features, as this process is key to achieving long-term skin rejuvenation.

For people with stretch marks, the treatment helps smooth and fade these stubborn lines by promoting the regeneration of skin cells. It’s also suitable for improving skin tone and addressing issues like enlarged pores.

Unlike some laser treatments or surgical procedures, microneedling radiofrequency is less invasive and involves minimal downtime. Most patients can return to their normal activities within a day. The procedure is also customisable to different skin types, including darker skin types, ensuring that each person gets the best possible results for their unique needs.

Microneedling Side Effects

Like any cosmetic treatment, microneedling radiofrequency comes with potential side effects. Most are mild and temporary, making the procedure relatively safe for the majority of people. The most common side effects include redness, swelling, and minor irritation in the treated area. These symptoms typically subside within a day or two.

There is also a slight risk of developing a skin infection if the procedure is not performed under sterile conditions. It’s crucial to choose a qualified medical professional to reduce this risk. People with certain skin conditions, such as active acne or eczema, may need to avoid microneedling until these issues are resolved.

In rare cases, some individuals may experience prolonged redness or hyperpigmentation, especially if they have very sensitive skin. A professional consultation can help determine whether your skin type is suitable for the treatment and reduce the likelihood of microneedling side effects.

What Results Can You Expect?

Results from microneedling radiofrequency are not immediate, as the treatment relies on your body’s natural healing process. Most people begin to notice improvements in their skin after a few weeks, with full results becoming visible after two to three months.

The procedure helps reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, eye bags, pores, melasma and acne scars, creating smoother, firmer, and more youthful skin. Stretch marks and areas of skin laxity also improve significantly over time. These results are long-lasting, especially when combined with a proper skincare routine to maintain the health of your skin.

For optimal results, many individuals require a series of treatments. Depending on the severity of your skin concerns, your practitioner may recommend three to five sessions spaced 1 to 3 months apart. The improvements are cumulative, as collagen production increases with each session.

How Much Does Microneedling Radiofrequency Cost?

The cost of microneedling radiofrequency varies depending on factors like location, the expertise of the practitioner, and the size of the treatment area. On average, a single session can range from $500 to $1,200 SGD. Since most people need multiple sessions for the best results, the total cost may add up to a few thousand SGD.

While it may seem expensive, many people find the investment worthwhile due to the long-lasting and transformative results. Compared to more invasive procedures, microneedling radiofrequency offers a more affordable and lower-risk option for achieving smoother and healthier skin.

Is Microneedling Radiofrequency Right for You?

Microneedling radiofrequency is an excellent option for individuals looking to improve their skin without undergoing invasive surgical procedures. It’s suitable for a wide range of skin types and addresses many common skin concerns, including acne scarring, wrinkles, and stretch marks.

However, not everyone is an ideal candidate for the treatment. People with certain skin conditions, such as rosacea or active infections, should consult a professional before proceeding. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals may also need to postpone the procedure.

Ultimately, microneedling radiofrequency offers a powerful and minimally invasive way to achieve youthful, radiant skin. With its ability to target multiple layers of skin and stimulate collagen production, it has become a go-to treatment for people seeking lasting results. Whether you’re dealing with acne scars, stretch marks, or skin laxity, this advanced procedure provides an effective and versatile solution.

Are keloid scars affecting your confidence? Perhaps you’ve tried everything, but the scars remain stubborn and unyielding, affecting your clothing choice and self-esteem. The good news? There are effective solutions available to address this common concern, no matter how severe the scarring may seem. If you’ve been wondering how to remove a keloid scar, rest assured that options tailored to your specific needs are within reach. 

At Lumine Dermatology, we specialise in treating keloid scars with proven methods tailored to your unique needs. Whether you’re looking for a minimally invasive solution or a more advanced treatment, we have the expertise to guide you every step of the way. Let’s explore what keloid scars are, why they occur, and how you can get rid of them for good.

What Are Keloid Scars?

Keloid scars are thick, raised areas of scar tissue that develop after a skin injury. Unlike normal scars, keloids grow beyond the original wound and can continue to expand over time. They occur due to an overproduction of collagen during the healing process, resulting in an overgrowth of scar tissue. This overgrowth creates a firm, shiny, and often reddish-brown scar compared to the surrounding skin, making it more noticeable.

People with darker skin tones or a family history of keloids are more prone to developing these scars. Though harmless from a medical standpoint, keloids can cause significant cosmetic concerns and, in some cases, discomfort or itching. Additionally, they often affect a person’s self-esteem, especially when they appear on visible areas like the face, neck, or chest.

Common Causes of Keloid Scars

Keloid formation is often linked to certain types of skin injuries or conditions. There is also a variant of keloids that occur spontaneously and these are often harder to treat. Here are some of the common causes:

• Surgical scars (e.g., from surgeries or biopsies)
• Acne scars or severe acne outbreaks
• Skin wounds from cuts or abrasions
• Body piercings, especially on the ears
• Tattoos or tattoo removals
• Burns or other trauma to the skin
• Vaccination sites

The appearance of keloids can depend on individual factors like genetics, the location of the injury, and how the wound was treated. In some cases, even minor injuries can result in keloid formation.

Can Keloid Scars Be Removed?

The short answer? Yes, keloid scars can be removed or significantly reduced. However, the success of keloid scar removal depends on several factors, such as the scar’s size, age, and location on the body. The underlying cause of the keloid formation also needs to be addressed for treatment to be successful. 

Factors Affecting Keloid Scar Removal

• Size and Location: Larger keloids or scars in high-movement areas like joints or chest may require multiple treatments to achieve optimal results. Scars on areas like the chest or shoulders may also need special care due to their prominence.
• History of Keloids: If you have recurring keloids or a family history of them, treatment strategies need to focus on both removal and prevention of regrowth.
• Skin Type: Darker skin tones are more prone to keloid formation due to higher levels of melanin, requiring treatments that minimise additional scarring or discolouration.
• Age of the Scar: Newly forming keloids are often more responsive to treatments compared to mature scars that have been present for years.

Importance of Early Intervention

Addressing keloids early significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment. If you notice a scar becoming raised, thickened, or itchy, consulting a dermatologist immediately can help prevent it from worsening. Early intervention may also reduce the number of sessions required for treatment, saving time and minimising discomfort.

How to Get Rid of Keloid Scars: Effective Treatment Options

There are various methods for keloid scar removal, ranging from non-invasive treatments to advanced procedures. A combination of techniques is often the most effective approach for achieving long-lasting results.

Non-Invasive Keloid Scar Treatments

Silicone Gel Sheets and Creams

Silicone-based products are a cornerstone of non-invasive keloid treatment. These products help flatten and soften keloids over time. They work by creating a protective barrier over the scar, locking in moisture and reducing collagen overproduction. Available as sheets or gels, silicone-based treatments are easy to use and suitable for most skin types. For best results, these products should be applied consistently over several months.

Pressure Therapy

Compression dressings or bandages apply constant pressure to the scar. This reduces blood flow to the area, which can help minimise further growth. Pressure therapy is particularly effective for keloids caused by ear piercings or surgical scars. While it requires regular use over an extended period, the results can be substantial for smaller, less severe keloids.

Minimally Invasive Keloid Removal Techniques

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid shots are one of the most common treatments for keloids. These injections reduce inflammation, soften the scar tissue, and shrink its size over time. Regular sessions are often needed for best results, with treatments spaced several weeks apart. While corticosteroid injections are effective, they’re usually combined with other treatments to prevent recurrence.

Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy involves freezing keloid tissue with liquid nitrogen. This method is particularly effective for smaller scars and works by breaking down excess scar tissue. Cryotherapy is typically performed over multiple sessions, and it’s often paired with other treatments like corticosteroid injections for more comprehensive results.

Surgical Removal of Keloids

When Is Surgery Recommended?

Surgery is considered for larger or mature keloids that don’t respond to other treatments. The process involves excising the keloid entirely, followed by preventive measures like corticosteroid injections or radiation therapy to minimise regrowth. Surgical removal offers immediate results, but it must be carefully planned to avoid stimulating additional scar formation.

Risk of Recurrence After Surgery

Keloid recurrence is a significant concern after surgical removal. Studies suggest that recurrence rates can be as high as 50% without additional treatments. That’s why a combination approach—such as surgery followed by silicone dressings or radiation therapy—is often recommended to ensure the best outcomes.

Advanced Treatments for Stubborn Keloid Scars

Laser Therapy for Keloid Removal

Pulsed-dye laser therapy targets keloid scar tissues with a precise beam of light. This treatment reduces redness, smooths the scar’s texture, and can improve its overall appearance over time. Laser therapy is often combined with other treatments, such as corticosteroid injections, to enhance effectiveness. Multiple sessions may be required to achieve the desired results.

Radiation Therapy: A Controversial Option

Radiation therapy is sometimes used post-surgery to prevent keloid recurrence. This method works by reducing collagen production in the scar tissue. While effective, radiation therapy is usually reserved for severe cases due to its potential risks, including damage to surrounding healthy skin.

Emerging Treatments for Keloid Scars

Newer methods, like microdoses of botulinum toxin injections, injectable drugs targeting collagen overproduction (e.g hyaluronidase, 5-fluorouracil) or adjunctive laser technologies (using fractional CO2 laser to deliver steroids into the skin), are showing promise in clinical trials. These treatments offer hope for managing stubborn keloids, particularly for individuals who have not responded to traditional approaches. Consult your dermatologist to learn more about the latest advancements.

What to Expect from Keloid Scar Removal Procedures

Before the Procedure

Your dermatologist will conduct a thorough evaluation of the scar, including a physical examination and a review of your medical history. They’ll recommend the most suitable treatment based on factors such as your skin type, the keloid’s size and location, and your overall health. In some cases, imaging or a skin biopsy (to exclude mimickers for keloids such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans) may be performed to rule out other conditions.

During the Procedure

Depending on the treatment, the procedure may take anywhere from a few minutes (e.g., corticosteroid injections or cryotherapy) to an hour or more (e.g., surgical removal or laser therapy). Most treatments are minimally painful, with numbing agents or local anaesthesia used to ensure comfort. Your dermatologist will explain each step of the process to help you feel at ease.

Aftercare

Post-treatment care is crucial to prevent recurrence and ensure proper healing. Here are some general tips:

• Avoid sun exposure; use a high-SPF sunscreen to protect the treated area.
• Keep the area clean and moisturised, as your dermatologist has advised.
• Avoid picking at or irritating the treated site.
• Follow all aftercare instructions, including the use of silicone dressings or prescribed creams.
• Attend follow-up appointments to monitor progress and address any concerns.

How to Prevent Keloid Scars from Forming

Preventing keloid scars from forming involves taking proactive steps during and after the healing process of any skin injury. While some factors, like genetics, can’t be controlled, there are several measures you can take to minimise the risk of developing keloids.

Tips for Minimising Risk After Skin Injuries

1. Immediate Wound Care: Clean the injury thoroughly with antiseptics and cover it with sterile dressings to prevent infection, which can increase the likelihood of abnormal scarring.
2. Use Silicone-Based Products: Silicone gel sheets or creams can be applied to healing wounds to regulate collagen production and minimise excessive scar formation. Start using these products as soon as the wound closes.
3. Avoid Picking Scabs: Resist the urge to pick at scabs or prematurely peel off crusts from healing wounds, as this can worsen the scar’s appearance.
4. Moisturise Regularly: Keeping the skin hydrated helps promote faster and more even healing. Use a dermatologist-approved moisturiser on the affected area.
5. Apply Pressure Therapy: If you’ve had surgery or a piercing, consider wearing pressure garments or bandages to reduce blood flow and limit the risk of keloid formation.

Avoiding Known Triggers

1. Skip High-Risk Procedures: If you’re prone to keloids, avoid tattoos, piercings, or unnecessary surgeries, especially on areas prone to keloids like the chest, shoulders, or earlobes.
2. Manage Acne Effectively: Severe acne can leave behind scars that develop into keloids. Consult a dermatologist to manage acne and prevent flare-ups that could result in scarring.
3. Minimise Skin Trauma: Be cautious during activities that could lead to cuts, burns, or abrasions. Even minor injuries can trigger keloid formation in susceptible individuals.
4. Protect Healing Wounds from Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays can darken scars and make them more noticeable. Always use sunscreen on healing wounds or scars.

When to Consult a Dermatologist

If you notice unusual scar growth, experience discomfort, or feel self-conscious about existing keloids, it’s time to see a specialist. At Lumine Dermatology, we’re experts in diagnosing and treating keloid scars using state-of-the-art techniques. Our personalised treatment plans are designed to help you achieve smooth, healthy skin with minimal downtime.

Say Goodbye to Keloid Scars with Lumine Dermatology

Don’t let keloid scars hold you back any longer. At Lumine Dermatology, we combine cutting-edge treatments with compassionate care to help you achieve the results you deserve. Whether you’re seeking a simple solution or an advanced procedure, our team is here to guide you every step of the way. Book your consultation today and take the first step toward a scar-free future!

FAQ

Can Keloid Scars Disappear on Their Own?

No, keloids don’t typically disappear without treatment. While they may stop growing, intervention is often required to shrink their size and improve their appearance.

How Much Does Keloid Scar Removal Cost?

The cost of keloid scar removal varies depending on the type of treatment, the scar’s size and location, and the number of sessions required. Contact Lumine Dermatology for a personalised consultation to discuss your needs and budget.

Are Home Remedies Effective for Keloid Scars?

While home remedies like aloe vera or tea tree oil may reduce itching, they’re unlikely to significantly shrink or remove keloids. Professional treatments are more reliable for achieving noticeable improvements.

Is Laser Therapy Painful?

Laser therapy is generally well-tolerated, with most patients experiencing only mild discomfort. Your dermatologist may use a numbing cream or local anaesthesia to ensure a comfortable experience.

Can Keloids Return After Treatment?

Yes, recurrence is possible. However, combining treatments like surgery and silicone dressings reduces this risk significantly. Your dermatologist will work with you to develop a long-term prevention plan.

What Are the Risks of Corticosteroid Injections?

Side effects of corticosteroid injections are rare but may include temporary skin thinning or discolouration. These risks are minimised when an experienced dermatologist administers the injections.

How Long Does It Take to See Results?

Results vary depending on the treatment. For example, laser therapy may show improvement after several sessions, while cryotherapy often offers quicker results for smaller scars. Discuss expected timelines with your dermatologist to set realistic goals.

MOXI laser treatment has gained significant attention in the world of skincare thanks to its ability to rejuvenate the skin and improve its appearance with minimal downtime. But how do you know if this treatment is right for you? In this article, we'll break down everything you need to know about MOXI laser, its benefits, and whether it could help you achieve your skincare goals.

What Is MOXI Treatment?

MOXI laser treatment is a non-ablative laser therapy that focuses on skin rejuvenation by targeting the outer layer of your skin, improving texture, tone, and radiance. Unlike ablative lasers that remove the outer layer of skin, MOXI uses a gentler approach and delivers energy to stimulate collagen production and repair sun damage, dark spots, and uneven skin tone. It's considered a preventive skincare treatment as well as a solution for those looking for dramatic improvements in the health and appearance of their skin.

MOXI laser offers a wide range of benefits, including helping to address common skin concerns such as age spots, sun spots, and visible signs of ageing. The treatment uses fractional laser technology to penetrate the skin, promoting natural healing processes without damaging the outer layers. Consistent use can deliver a noticeable improvement in skin texture and an overall radiant complexion.

How Does MOXI Laser Work?

MOXI is a fractional laser, meaning it creates tiny channels in the skin. The treatment encourages the skin to regenerate by boosting collagen production, which is essential for maintaining youthful skin. Collagen is a protein that helps keep the skin firm, smooth, and youthful-looking. As we age, collagen production decreases, leading to the development of fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging skin. MOXI helps stimulate the body to produce more collagen and effectively tightens and refreshes the skin.

The treatment works by targeting specific layers of skin, depending on the desired outcome. The laser’s energy stimulates the deeper layers of the skin while the outer skin surface remains mostly undisturbed. There is minimal downtime, and most people can go back to their daily activities immediately after the treatment. It's a great option for those with busy schedules looking for effective treatments that don’t require a long recovery time.

Benefits of MOXI Laser Treatment

1. Minimal Downtime
   One of the most significant advantages of MOXI laser is the minimal downtime. While some cosmetic treatments require days or even weeks of recovery time, MOXI typically allows you to return to your normal routine right after treatment. Although you may experience mild redness or swelling, these side effects usually subside within a few hours. This makes MOXI a convenient option for those who want to achieve healthier, more youthful skin without disrupting their daily activities.
2. Comprehensive Skin Rejuvenation
   MOXI laser treatment is a comprehensive skin rejuvenation option. It addresses a wide range of skin concerns, including sun damage, dark spots, uneven skin tone, and even deep wrinkles. Whether you're dealing with sun spots, age spots or just want to improve your skin texture, MOXI can help. This versatility makes it an excellent option for individuals with different skin concerns and types.
3. Safe for a Range of Skin Types
   MOXI laser is a great choice for various skin types, including sensitive skin and darker skin tones. Unlike some lasers that may not be suitable for darker skin tones, MOXI has been designed to work safely and effectively on a wide range of skin tones. MOXI can provide noticeable improvements without the risk of pigmentation issues that can sometimes arise with other types of lasers.
4. Visible Improvements in Skin Texture and Tone
   MOXI works to improve skin texture by stimulating collagen production and promoting healthier skin. With regular treatments, you may notice a smoother skin surface, a more even skin tone, and a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It's a great option for individuals who want to enhance their natural beauty without invasive procedures. The results can be dramatic over time, helping you achieve the youthful skin you desire.
5. Melasma
   MOXI laser is a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of melasma, helping to encourage transepidermal elimination of pigment cells from the basal layer of the epidermis while reversing the signs of photoaging. 
6. Effective for Sun Damage and Uneven Skin Tone
   Sun damage is one of the most common skin concerns, especially for those who spend time outdoors. Over time, sun exposure can lead to age spots, sun spots, and an uneven skin tone. MOXI is particularly effective at addressing these issues by targeting sun-damaged areas and promoting the production of new, healthy skin cells. This leads to a more radiant complexion and helps correct discolouration caused by sun exposure.
7. Non-Ablative Treatment for Sensitive Skin
   MOXI is a non-ablative laser treatment, which means it doesn't remove the outer layer of skin like ablative lasers. This makes it gentler on sensitive skin. The treatment uses fractional laser technology to target specific areas of concern while leaving the surrounding skin intact. If you have sensitive skin or are concerned about the healing process, MOXI could be an ideal choice.
8. Great for Preventative Care
   In addition to improving existing skin conditions, MOXI laser treatment is an excellent option for preventative care. Regular treatments can help maintain healthy skin, stimulate collagen production, and reduce the visible signs of ageing before they become more pronounced. It’s a proactive approach to skincare that can help you maintain a youthful appearance for years to come.

MOXI Laser Treatment: What to Expect

When you undergo MOXI laser treatment, your provider will begin by assessing your skin type and discussing your skincare goals. Based on this consultation, they will create a customised treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. The treatment usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes, depending on the specific areas being addressed.

During the procedure, you may feel a mild warming sensation as the laser is applied to your skin. For most people, the treatment is well-tolerated, and no anaesthesia is necessary. However, if you're concerned about discomfort, your provider may apply a topical numbing cream to minimise any sensations of heat.
After your MOXI treatment, you can expect some redness and slight swelling in the treated area, which typically subsides within a few hours. You may also notice small spots or micro-crusting on the skin as the laser stimulates the outer layers to heal. These are normal signs of the healing process, and most patients can return to their regular activities immediately after the treatment.

MOXI Laser Treatment for Different Skin Concerns

MOXI laser treatment is effective for a variety of skin conditions, including:

• Sun Damage and Age Spots
  MOXI helps reduce the appearance of sun spots, age spots, and other signs of sun damage by creating channels in the skin that encourage elimination of the excess pigment cells. 
• Uneven Skin Tone
  MOXI is ideal for individuals with uneven skin tone, whether due to sun exposure, acne scars, or other skin conditions.The effect of the MOXI laser is often a smoother, healthier skin with a radiant complexion.
• Fine Lines and Wrinkles
  While MOXI is not as aggressive as ablative lasers, it can still provide noticeable improvements in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen production and tightening the skin. This is a useful alternative for patients who are not able to tolerate the picosecond lasers. 
• Darker Skin Tones
  MOXI laser is safe for a wide range of skin tones, including darker skin tones. Other lasers may pose a risk of hyperpigmentation in individuals with darker skin, but MOXI is designed to work on all skin types without the risk of causing dark spots or uneven pigmentation.
• Sensitive Skin
  For those with sensitive skin, MOXI, being the non-ablative sister of the fractional carbon dioxide or erbium yag laser, provides a gentler alternative to more invasive treatments. Its non-ablative nature means it doesn't remove the outer layer of skin, reducing the risk of irritation and allowing for a quicker healing process.

MOXI Laser: Ideal Choice for Busy Schedules

For many people, finding time for cosmetic treatments can be challenging. MOXI laser is an excellent option for those with busy schedules because it requires minimal downtime. Most people can undergo the treatment during their lunch break and return to work immediately after. Makeup can be applied.

The number of MOXI treatments required varies depending on your skincare goals and the specific concerns you're targeting. Some people notice dramatic improvements after just one treatment, while others may require multiple sessions for optimal results. Typically, treatment sessions are spaced 4-8 weeks apart to allow the skin time to heal and rejuvenate. Your dermatologist will help you create a treatment plan based on your individual needs.

The Final Verdict

MOXI laser treatment is an excellent option for those looking to improve their skin's appearance without the need for invasive procedures. Its non-ablative nature, minimal downtime, and ability to address a wide range of skin concerns make it a popular choice for individuals with various skincare goals. MOXI offers a safe and effective solution for achieving radiant, youthful skin. If you're interested in MOXI laser treatment, schedule a consultation with us at Lumine Dermatology to discuss your options and determine if it's the right fit for your skin type and concerns.

Moles are common skin growths that vary in size, shape, and color. Most moles pose no harm, yet many people choose to remove them for aesthetic or medical reasons. This guide will cover everything from types of moles and how does mole removal work to post-removal aftercare and offer clear insights on how to manage scars and when to seek professional help.

Moles and Their Characteristics

Moles, also known as nevi, are clusters of pigmented cells that usually appear as small, dark brown spots on the skin. Moles can be smooth or rough, flat or raised, and sometimes even have hair growing from them. While most are harmless, some may signal underlying health concerns, including skin cancer. That’s why regular monitoring of moles is essential, especially if they change in size, color, or shape. Early detection of any suspicious changes can make a significant difference and help to catch potential health issues before they progress.

Different Types of Moles

Moles can appear in various forms:

• Common Moles: Small, round, and often brown, these are the most typical type of mole. They are generally harmless and don’t require removal unless for cosmetic reasons.
• Atypical Moles (Dysplastic Nevi): These moles are often larger than common ones, with irregular shapes and uneven colors. They can be a sign of increased risk for skin cancer, especially if there is a family history of the condition.
• Congenital Moles: Congenital moles are present from birth and can range widely in size. Some may become quite large, and their size can increase the risk of developing melanoma.
• Spitz Nevi: Usually pink, raised, and smooth, these moles can resemble melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer. Although they are mostly benign, their similarity to malignant moles often warrants their removal.
• Skin Tags: Though not technically moles, skin tags are small, soft growths that typically appear in skin folds. They are often removed for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated.

Reasons for Mole Removal

People seek mole removal for various reasons. Cosmetic concerns are among the most common, particularly for facial moles or those in visible areas. Many individuals find that removing unsightly moles boosts their confidence, especially if they have larger or irregularly shaped moles. However, mole removal isn’t always just about aesthetics.

Moles that show signs of potential health risks, such as changes in color, size, or texture, may need to be removed to prevent complications. Some moles might start bleeding or become itchy, which can be indicators of a form of skin cancer. In such cases, timely mole removal is crucial. Even if a mole appears benign, doctors may still recommend its removal if it’s located in a spot prone to irritation, like under clothing straps or along the waistline, to prevent further issues.

How to Remove Moles?

Excision with Stitches

This is a common mole removal procedure where the mole and a small area of the surrounding skin are cut out. At Lumine Dermatology, we offer punch excisions for smaller moles with punch biopsy sizes ranging from 2mm to 6mm. Stitches are used to close the wound, and this method is particularly effective for deeper moles. It ensures that all pigmented cells are removed, minimizing the risk of recurrence.

Shave Excision Without Stitches

In this technique, the mole is shaved off at the skin level. This procedure is often used for raised moles that are not too deep. Because it doesn't involve cutting deep into the skin, it has a faster recovery time but may have a higher risk of the mole growing back. This can be done in combination with laser mole removal to remove the residual pigmentation (if any) that is left behind after a shave excision. 

Laser Removal

Suitable for smaller, shallow moles, laser removal uses intense light to break down the mole’s pigment. We utilize the Picosure Pro or Alex Trivantage in our practice for this procedure. It’s a less invasive option with a quicker recovery time and minimal risk of scarring. However, it’s not ideal for deeper or larger moles and may not be covered by insurance if considered a cosmetic procedure.

Cryotherapy

This method uses liquid nitrogen to freeze the mole. Cold temperature destroys the mole's cells, leading it to fall off eventually. Cryotherapy is usually reserved for small, benign moles or skin tags. Although effective, it can cause mild scarring, and multiple treatments may be necessary.

How Does Mole Removal Work?

The process begins with a consultation, where a skin specialist examines the mole to determine the best method for removal. If there are concerns about skin cancer, a biopsy may be conducted first to analyze the mole tissue. During the procedure, the area around the mole is thoroughly cleaned, and a local anesthetic is administered to numb the skin, ensuring minimal discomfort.

The specialist then removes the mole using the selected technique, whether by excision, shaving, or laser treatment. For procedures that involve cutting, stitches might be applied to close the skin. The removed tissue is sometimes sent for further examination, especially if there are concerns about malignancy. Overall, mole removal treatments are relatively quick, ranging from 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the method and the size of the mole.

Aftercare Instructions

Proper aftercare is crucial to promote healing and reduce the risk of infection. After the mole removal procedure, follow these guidelines:

• Keep the Area Clean: Gently clean the wound with mild soap and water. After cleaning, apply an antiseptic cream to prevent infection. Cover the area with a sterile bandage to protect it from dirt and bacteria.
• Avoid Sun Exposure: Sun exposure can darken the scar and delay the healing process. Use a high-SPF sunscreen on the area if you must go outdoors, or keep it covered with clothing.
• Monitor for Signs of Infection: Be vigilant for signs such as redness, swelling, or discharge, which could indicate an infection. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
• Avoid Picking at Scabs: Let scabs form and fall off naturally. Picking can lead to scarring and prolong the healing process.

Managing Scars After Mole Removal

One of the main concerns people have about mole removal is the risk of scarring. While scarring is a potential risk, there are several ways to manage and minimize it:

• Use Scar Creams: Silicone-based scar creams or gels can help fade scars over time. Start applying them once the wound has healed completely.
• Keep the Skin Moisturized: Moisturizing the area regularly prevents dryness and scabbing, which can reduce the severity of scarring.
• Massage the Scar: Gentle massage of the scar area can promote the healing process, making the scar less noticeable.
• Consider Laser Treatments for Scars: If the scar is prominent, laser treatments can effectively reduce its visibility. Consult your dermatologist to determine if this is a suitable option.

When to Seek Professional Help?

While most mole removals are straightforward, there are situations where you should consult a healthcare provider. If the wound shows persistent redness, swelling, or discharge, these could be signs of infection needing professional treatment. Similarly, if you experience prolonged bleeding or pain, seek medical attention.

It’s also essential to be cautious about any new or existing moles that change in appearance. Rapid growth, irregular borders, or variations in color can be early signs of a form of skin cancer. Early intervention is critical, so don’t delay a visit to a skin specialist if you notice any of these changes.

Conclusion

Mole removal is a simple and effective solution for those looking to address cosmetic concerns or health risks. Remember, monitoring your skin regularly and being proactive about unusual changes are key to maintaining healthy skin. Whether it’s for the cosmetic removal of an unsightly mole or to reduce the potential risk of skin cancer, consulting a skin specialist can help you make the best choice. With proper care, you can achieve optimal results, leaving your skin looking smooth and healthy.

Mohs surgery is a specialized and highly effective surgical technique used to treat various types of skin cancer. This method has been refined over the years to become one of the most precise techniques available for skin cancer removal. By carefully targeting cancerous cells and preserving healthy tissue, Mohs surgery offers a high cure rate and minimizes the risk of recurrence. In this article, we'll explore what is Mohs surgery for skin cancer, how it works, the conditions it treats, and what patients can expect before, during, and after the procedure.

What Is Mohs Surgery?

Mohs surgery is a precise surgical technique primarily used for treating certain types of skin cancer. Named after Dr. Frederic Mohs, who developed it in the 1930s, this procedure stands out for its accuracy and high cure rate. Unlike other surgical methods, Mohs surgery allows dermatologic surgeons to remove cancerous cells layer by layer, examining each section under a microscope until no abnormal cells remain. This approach ensures the complete removal of skin cancer while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. It is an effective treatment option for cancers in sensitive or visible areas, such as the face, ears, and hands.

How Does Mohs Surgery Work?

The key aspect of Mohs surgery is its step-by-step method of removing and examining skin layers. The procedure begins with the dermatologist or plastic surgeon carefully removing a visible tumor along with a thin layer of tissue surrounding it. This initial piece of skin is then examined under a microscope to check for any residual skin cancer cells. If cancerous cells are still present, the surgeon removes another layer from the same area, sparing as much healthy skin as possible. This process repeats until no cancer cells are detected.

One of the reasons Mohs surgery is so effective is that it targets only cancerous cells, avoiding the unnecessary removal of normal skin. The technique’s precision makes it especially useful for treating skin cancers in areas where maintaining the skin's appearance and function is crucial. The entire procedure, performed under local anesthesia, typically allows patients to be awake and comfortable with minimal pain. Because the surgeon checks each layer of tissue during the process, they can ensure that all cancerous cells are removed before completing the surgery. This thorough examination reduces the likelihood of the cancer returning.

Conditions Treated with Mohs Surgery

Mohs surgery is highly effective for addressing various forms of skin cancer, particularly:

• Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): The most common type of skin cancer, often appearing as small, flesh-colored bumps, pink patches, or slightly raised, shiny nodules. BCC tends to grow slowly but can cause significant damage if not treated promptly.
• Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): This type of cancer may present as firm red nodules, flat lesions with a scaly surface, or sores that heal and then reappear. SCC can be more aggressive than BCC and may spread to other parts of the body if not treated.
• Melanoma: While traditionally treated with other methods, Mohs surgery can be an effective option for early-stage melanomas located in sensitive areas. This allows precise removal while reducing the impact on healthy tissue.
• Recurrent skin cancers: Cancers that have reappeared after previous treatments, which might be more challenging to treat with standard methods. Mohs surgery’s meticulous approach helps ensure the complete removal of any residual cancer cells.
• Skin cancers located in sensitive or high-risk areas: Particularly on the face, neck, ears, scalp, hands, feet, and genital area, where preserving as much healthy tissue as possible is crucial for cosmetic and functional reasons.
• Cancers with poorly defined edges: For cancers where it’s difficult to determine where the tumor begins and ends, Mohs surgery can accurately map and remove the cancerous cells without affecting the surrounding normal skin.

Benefits of Mohs Surgery

The benefits of Mohs surgery make it a leading choice for skin cancer treatment:

High Cure Rate

With cure rates as high as 99% for newly diagnosed cancers and 95% for recurrent cancers, Mohs surgery is one of the most effective treatment methods available. This high success rate ensures that patients have the best possible outcome.

Preservation of Healthy Tissue

Unlike traditional excisional surgery, which may remove a larger area of skin to ensure all cancer cells are eliminated, Mohs surgery precisely targets only the cancerous tissue. This approach minimizes scarring and retains more healthy tissue, which is especially beneficial for cancers in visible or delicate areas.

Lowest Recurrence Rate

The thorough layer-by-layer examination ensures that even microscopic traces of cancer cells are detected and removed. This reduces the likelihood of the cancer returning.

Same-Day Results

Since each tissue layer is processed and examined during the procedure, patients receive immediate confirmation of complete cancer removal. This avoids the anxiety of waiting days or weeks for lab results, as is typical with other surgical methods.

Convenient Treatment

Because the surgery and tissue analysis are done simultaneously, patients can complete their treatment in a single appointment. This is not only time-efficient but also reduces the need for multiple office visits or prolonged recovery times.

Customizable Wound Repair Options

Depending on the size and location of the treated area, the wound may be closed with stitches, left to heal naturally, or, for larger wounds, reconstructed by a plastic surgeon for optimal cosmetic results.

Who Is a Candidate for Mohs Surgery?

Not all skin cancers require Mohs surgery, but it is particularly recommended for cases where preserving healthy skin is a priority. Ideal candidates include individuals with basal or squamous cell carcinomas located on the face, ears, scalp, hands, feet, and genitals—areas where even small losses of tissue could affect appearance or function. 

Mohs surgery is also an excellent choice for treating skin cancers that are large, aggressive, or have irregular borders. If a tumor has recurred after previous treatment, this surgical technique may provide a more thorough approach to ensure complete removal. Additionally, patients with compromised immune systems, who might face higher risks of cancer recurrence, can benefit from the precision and high success rate of this method.

What to Expect During the Procedure?

Before the procedure begins, patients are given detailed instructions on how to prepare. On the day of the surgery, a local anesthetic numbs the area to ensure comfort. The surgeon starts by removing the visible tumor along with a thin surrounding layer of tissue. Each layer is carefully marked and examined under a microscope to detect any skin cancer cells. If more cancerous cells are found, the surgeon continues to remove additional layers, each time inspecting the tissue until no abnormal cells remain.

Unlike traditional surgical procedures, Mohs surgery allows patients to wait between the removal of layers. The entire procedure can vary in length, from a couple of hours to most of the day, depending on how many layers need to be removed. Once the process is complete, the surgeon decides how to treat the wound. In many cases, simple stitching of the wound suffices, but larger wounds might require reconstructive techniques, sometimes involving a plastic surgeon to achieve the best cosmetic result.

Recovery After Mohs Surgery

Recovery from Mohs surgery is relatively straightforward. Most patients experience mild discomfort, bruising, and swelling, which typically improve within a few days. The wound might require a bandage and some special care, and patients are often advised to keep the area clean and dry for the first few days. It is essential to avoid strenuous activities that could strain the area, especially in the weeks after surgery. Follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the healing process and to check for any signs of recurrence.

Since Mohs surgery involves the complete removal of cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue, the healing process tends to be quicker than other, more invasive treatments. However, larger wounds may need more extended care, and in some cases, patients might need additional treatments to address the wound’s appearance.

Risks and Side Effects

While Mohs surgery is generally safe and effective, there are still some risks and side effects to consider:

• Mild pain or discomfort: Patients might feel soreness or tenderness around the surgical site after the procedure. Over-the-counter pain medication is usually sufficient to manage this, and discomfort typically subsides within a few days.
• Bleeding: Some bleeding during or shortly after surgery is normal. The surgical team will provide instructions on managing minor bleeding, but more significant bleeding should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately.
• Infection: Though rare, infections can occur at the wound site. Patients should follow the wound care instructions provided, such as keeping the area clean and applying antibiotic ointments, if recommended, to reduce this risk. Signs of infection include redness, warmth, pus, or increased pain.
• Scarring: Like all surgical procedures, Mohs surgery can result in scarring. However, the precision of the technique helps to minimize the size of the scar. In areas with more significant cosmetic concerns, additional procedures by a plastic surgeon may be considered to improve appearance.
• Nerve damage: When treating cancers near nerves, there is a small risk of temporary or, in rare cases, permanent nerve damage. This could lead to numbness or weakness in the affected area. However, experienced surgeons take steps to avoid this outcome.
• Swelling and bruising: It’s common for patients to experience temporary swelling, bruising, or redness around the treated area. These side effects typically resolve within a week or two, depending on the location and size of the wound.
• Larger wounds: If multiple layers of tissue need to be removed, patients might end up with a larger wound than initially anticipated. These larger wounds might take longer to heal and could require more complex reconstruction, especially in areas with less surrounding healthy skin.
• Sensitivity in the treated area: Some patients report increased sensitivity in the treated area for several weeks after surgery. This sensitivity usually decreases over time but can vary based on the location and extent of the surgery.
• Possible need for additional cosmetic repair: Depending on the size and location of the treated area, patients may need additional reconstructive procedures to achieve the best cosmetic result, especially when the surgery is performed on the face or other visible areas.

Conclusion

Mohs surgery is a precise and effective method for treating common forms of skin cancer. This surgical technique ensures complete removal while sparing as much healthy skin as possible. With its high cure rate and low recurrence rate, it is considered one of the best options for treating cancers in sensitive or highly visible areas. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with skin cancer, consider speaking with a qualified dermatologist to determine if Mohs surgery is a suitable treatment option. The combination of precision, effectiveness, and convenience makes it a top choice for ensuring the best possible outcome in skin cancer treatment.

Are you constantly dealing with itchy, irritated skin that disrupts your daily activities? Eczema flare-ups can make life challenging, affecting both your physical comfort and self-confidence. If you're tired of dealing with the unpredictability of this skin condition, there are effective solutions to help. 

At Lumine Dermatology, we specialise in comprehensive eczema care, offering treatments designed to alleviate symptoms and prevent future flare-ups. Our team of experts is dedicated to helping you achieve healthier, more comfortable skin. Let’s delve into understanding eczema flare-ups and how to manage them effectively!

What Is an Eczema Flare-Up?

An eczema flare-up is a sudden worsening of symptoms in individuals with eczema, an inflammatory skin condition that affects the skin barrier. During a flare-up, the skin may become more irritated, itchy, and inflamed than usual, leading to discomfort. These episodes can be triggered by various factors, from allergens and environmental conditions to stress and certain skincare products. Understanding what triggers your eczema and how to address it promptly can significantly reduce the impact of flare-ups on your daily life.

At Lumine Dermatology, our specialists can help you identify and manage triggers, offering personalised treatment plans to minimise flare-ups and keep your skin condition under control.

Common Symptoms of Eczema Flare-Ups

Eczema manifests differently from person to person, but there are some common symptoms that often signal a flare-up. Recognising these early can help you take prompt action to manage your condition.

• Dry, Scaly Skin: One of the earliest signs, dry patches can appear anywhere on the body, becoming rough and flaky over time. Persistent dryness weakens the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to irritation.
• Redness and swelling: Inflamed skin is a hallmark of eczema, often accompanied by itch or a burning sensation. This redness and swelling is due to increased blood flow as a result of inflammation.
• Intense Itching: Perhaps the most troublesome symptom, itching can be mild or severe. In severe cases, it may disrupt sleep and daily activities. Constant scratching can lead to further irritation and even infection. Thickened skin as a result of constant picking and scratching will eventually also affect the efficacy of topical treatments. 
• Blisters or Oozing: During an acute flare-up, blisters filled with fluid can form, especially in more severe cases and more commonly over the hands and feet. If these blisters burst, they can ooze. When yellowish crusts form, this is often a sign of secondary bacterial infection with pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. 
• Thickened Skin: Long-term scratching can cause areas of the skin to thicken and harden, a condition known as lichenification. These patches can be particularly itchy and are more challenging to treat.

What Causes Eczema Flare-Ups

1. Environmental Triggers

Environmental factors play a significant role in triggering eczema. Changes in temperature, humidity, and exposure to allergens like pollen, dust mites, and mould can all provoke a reaction. Cold weather can dry out the skin, while hot, humid conditions may cause sweat to aggravate sensitive areas. Other environmental triggers include cigarette smoke, pollution, and harsh chemicals in cleaning products.

2. Allergens

Allergens, including certain foods, pet dander, personal care products and pollen, can trigger the immune system, leading to an eczema flare-up. Common food allergens include dairy, eggs, nuts, soy, and wheat. Patch testing and skin prick tests can help identify specific allergens that may be affecting you, and our dermatologist at Lumine Dermatology can provide guidance on managing allergies to reduce flare-ups.

3. Stress

Emotional stress is a well-known trigger for eczema. The body releases cortisol in response to stress, which can lead to inflammation and worsen eczema symptoms. Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, exercise, and adequate sleep, can help manage this aspect of the condition. 

4. Skin Infections

Bacteria, viruses, or fungi can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Broken skin from scratching can become a breeding ground for infections, which makes it harder for the skin to heal. Infections can lead to more intense flare-ups, requiring prompt medical attention. Proper hygiene and topical treatments are essential to managing infected areas, and our clinic offers comprehensive care for such cases.

5. Skin Care Products

The wrong skin care products can irritate sensitive skin, making eczema worse. Products with fragrances, alcohol, or other harsh ingredients can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to increased dryness and irritation. Choosing mild, fragrance-free products designed for sensitive skin can make a significant difference. Lumine Dermatology offers product recommendations that are gentle and effective, helping maintain your skin’s health.

Is It Possible to Get Rid of Eczema Permanently?

Eczema is a chronic condition, meaning there is no permanent cure. However, many treatments can effectively manage symptoms, reduce the frequency of flare-ups, and improve the quality of life. Treatment often involves a combination of lifestyle adjustments, skincare routines, and medications.

With personalised care and expert advice from Lumine Dermatology, it is possible to control eczema effectively. Our dermatologists work closely with you to develop a tailored plan that addresses your unique needs, from managing acute flare-ups to long-term prevention.

How to Ease Eczema Flare-Ups

1. Moisturize Regularly

Moisturising is one of the most critical steps in managing eczema. Applying a suitably textured, fragrance-free moisturiser immediately after bathing helps to seal in moisture and repair the skin barrier. Products with ceramides, glycerin, panthenol and hyaluronic acid are particularly effective. Consider moisturising multiple times a day to keep your skin hydrated.

2. Use Prescribed Topical Treatments

Topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors and phosphodiesterase inhibitors can help reduce inflammation and itch during flare-ups. These treatments need to be used under a dermatologist's supervision, especially for more sensitive areas like the face. There also needs to be a plan for proactive treatment and maintenance strategies.

3. Take Lukewarm Showers with Additives

Lukewarm baths can help hydrate the skin and reduce itching. Adding ingredients like bath oils and colloidal oatmeal can provide additional relief by soothing inflamed skin. Gentle antiseptic washes such as Stellisept and Octenisan are useful for reducing bacteria. Avoid using hot water and prolonged showers, as it can further dry out and irritate your skin.

4. Avoid Scratching and Keep Nails Short

Scratching worsens the skin's condition, leading to more irritation and a higher risk of infection. Keeping nails short and wearing gloves at night can help prevent accidental scratching. Wet wrap or double pyjamas treatment also play an important role. If itching is severe, over-the-counter antihistamines may provide relief.

5. Wear Soft, Breathable Fabrics

Fabrics like cotton are less likely to irritate sensitive skin. Avoid materials that cause friction, such as wool and synthetics, and opt for loose-fitting clothing to allow the skin to breathe. Using hypoallergenic laundry detergents can also help minimise irritation.

How to Prevent Eczema Flare-Ups

1. Identify and Avoid Triggers

Understanding your unique eczema triggers is essential for prevention. Keeping a detailed diary of symptoms, activities, foods, and products can reveal patterns that contribute to flare-ups. At Lumine Dermatology, we offer advanced allergy testing to identify specific environmental or food-based triggers, allowing you to adjust your daily routine to minimise exposure.

2. Maintain a Consistent Skin Care Routine

A regular, gentle skincare routine is vital for strengthening the skin barrier. Daily moisturising, combined with the use of a fragrance-free, mild cleanser, keeps your skin hydrated and resilient. A thick moisturiser applied post-cleansing helps seal in moisture, protecting the skin from irritants.

3. Manage Stress Through Relaxation Techniques

Since stress can directly impact eczema, finding effective stress-management techniques is beneficial. Activities like yoga, meditation, or regular exercise reduce stress hormones that might otherwise contribute to inflammation. Lumine Dermatology also offers guidance on holistic wellness approaches, helping you incorporate relaxation techniques that improve both mental and skin health.

4. Stay Hydrated and Eat a Balanced Diet

Hydration and nutrition are foundational to skin health. Drinking enough water daily supports skin hydration from within, while a balanced diet, rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids, can improve skin barrier function. Foods with anti-inflammatory properties, like berries, fatty fish, and leafy greens, help reduce eczema symptoms, enhancing skin texture and resilience.

5. Protect Skin Against Extreme Weather

Extreme weather can compromise skin health, so proactive protection is key. In cold seasons, using a humidifier indoors adds moisture to the air, preventing skin dryness. During hot weather and activities, minimize contact time of skin with perspiration helps reduce inflammation risks. At Lumine Dermatology, we guide patients in choosing effective skincare adjustments to maintain skin comfort and resilience based on your skin type and unique triggers. 

Get Personalised Care for Eczema at Lumine Dermatology

Managing eczema requires a tailored approach. At Lumine Dermatology, we understand that every skin is unique, and so are its needs. Our team of experts, led by Dr Evelyn Tay, provides comprehensive eczema care, from identifying triggers to prescribing effective treatments. Whether you need topical treatments, light therapy, dupilumab, oral medications or advice on skin care routines, we’re here to help you achieve healthier, more comfortable skin. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and start your journey toward clearer skin!